Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered - 2099 Words

When thinking of alcohol, individuals may associate this substance with fun, partying, friends, and the feeling of being invincible. Although there are a legal alcohol drinking and purchasing age in various countries, it is easily accessible to those who are underage. Alcohol is a monitored and controlled substance that can be purchased legally, yet there are many concerns that surround the substance. There are pros, cons, and different patterns regarding alcohol and the legal alcohol drinking and purchasing age. As a result of alcohol use, there have been many fatalities and injuries due to impaired driving, while also being linked to patterns of violence, dependence, and aggression. Current debates surrounding Minimum Legal Drinking Ages (MLDA) state that the legal purchasing and drinking age should be lowered. The legal alcohol drinking and purchasing age should not be lowered as it could result in more fatalities and injuries among young adults, an increase in alcohol dependence, and increase acts of aggression and violence within society. There are many factors to consider when studying current legal alcohol age debates such as factors of Public Health and Safety, factors of addiction, and socio-economic factors. There have been many studies surrounding this issue in many places of the world such as various parts of the world, such as Canada, the United States, and New Zealand. These studies take the various factors and differing drinking ages into consideration. ThereShow MoreRelatedThe Legal Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered973 Words   |  4 Pages The Legal Age for Drinking Alcohol Should Not Be Lowered To 18 In the United States. Every state has the right to set its own legal drinking age. However, according to George Will in an article he wrote in the Washington Post about the legal drinking age, â€Å"drinking age paradox† â€Å"lowering the drinking age will cost the state ten percent of its federal highway funds and cause a significant uproar from contractors and construction unions.† It is therefore in the best interest of every citizenRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered1732 Words   |  7 PagesThe definition of the word adult is: â€Å"a person who has attained the age of maturity as specified by law†(Dictionary.com). If this is so, then why is it that in the United States 18 year olds are legally considered adults in our society, but they can’t legally buy or consume alcohol? Yet at this age they are able to vote in an election, get married, serve on a jury, live on their own, purchase cigarettes, adopt a child, and defend our country. These are not easy tasks for one to take on, yet our governmentRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered955 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States of America, the National Government requires the states to enforce a legal drinking age of twenty-one. Where as the world average drinking age is eighteen, and in some Countries it is even lower where it is possible to get a beer at sixteen years of age. Taking that into consideration, there is a great deal of controversy in the United States on what the legal age should be to purchase and consume an alcoholic beverage. The largest issue being that you are considered to be anRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered1170 Words   |  5 PagesFor a majority of the 20th century, the United States drinking age has been a big issue. After prohibition had concluded in 1933, twenty- one was the new legal drinking age. Meanwhile, during the Vietnam War, eighteen became the new legal drinking age. Finally in 1984, Congress pa ssed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act (MLDA). Since then, twenty-one years old has been the legal age to drink in the United States. There are several ways alcohol has been a reason for death such as, alcohol poisoningRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered1553 Words   |  7 Pagesold male who lives in Oregon. To celebrate his 18th birthday, he decided to go out with some friends and have a few drinks. He knows that the legal drinking age is 21, but he thinks what is the harm? I am 18 and in other countries, you are allowed to drink before you turn 21. Later that night as John gets in the car with his friends after a few hours of drinking, everything seems to be going well as they are driving down the freeway on their way over to his friend Dan’s house that is just a few milesRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered988 Words   |  4 PagesThe Legal Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered There are copious amounts of people who believe that the legal drinking age should be lowered to eighteen. Others think the drinking age needs to remain the same. A few of those also conclude the legal age of adulthood should be raised to 21. The belief is if the adolescent brain has not matured enough to support alcohol use by age 21, it cannot make the responsible decisions required at 18 years of age. Voters should make the decision toRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered1117 Words   |  5 Pagesto the legal age of alcohol consumption have been going on for many years. While some feel that 21 should remain as the legal minimum consumption age, others disagree. By examining different aspects of alcohol consumption such as social motives and health related concerns one is more able to fully grasp the role that alcohol plays in our society. Through research and analyzation one can come to the conclusion that a lowered legal drinking age is not the answe r. The legal drinking age should not beRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered Essay1548 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States, the legal drinking age is twenty-one. In all fifty states, however, there are exceptions for underaged drinking at home, under adult supervision, or for medical purposes (â€Å"Drinking Age†). Overall, the legal opportunities for any person under twenty-one to legally drink alcohol are very scarce. There are many different points, made by people from both sides of the issue about whether or not to lower the drinking age to eighteen, or leave it where it currently stands at twenty-oneRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered1481 Words   |  6 Pagesthe century, underage drinking happens every day in the United States and for some this might seem unacceptable but for most this is all because an unfair law put up by the government. The legal drinking age should be lowered from 21 to 18 because, among other things; 18 is the age of adulthood in America and adults should have the right to make their own decisions, also traffic accidents and fatalities are most common among newly-legal drinkers regardless of their drinking age; and, this law has notRead MoreShould the Legal Drinking Age Be Lowered?2541 Words   |  11 Pagesabysmal failure. It hasnt reduced or eliminated drinking. It has simply driven it underground, behind closed doors, into the most risky and least manageable of settings,(Debate) said John McCardell of â€Å"Choose Responsibility†. Choose Responsibility is a non-profit organization that is for lowering the drinking age to 18. Young adults can vote, fight and die for their country overseas, and purchase tobacco at age 18, but why cannot they have a beer? Drinking among the youth in the United States has escalated

Sports Drinks Industry Analysis Free Essays

Executive Summary We have noticed an increasing number of businesses catering to the recent rise of a new target market: the health-conscious consumer. At Nike, our goal has always been to give consumers what they want now, as well as to anticipate their future tastes, and to thus tailor our strategy to accommodate those tastes. We have recognized an unfilled market potential in the non-carbonated energizing sports drink arena, thus developing an entirely new product category. We will write a custom essay sample on Sports Drinks Industry Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Our branding strategy is to enter the market by carving a new niche of protein-enriched energizing sports drinks. Our objective is to educate consumers about the new drink, as well as to make a profit and gain market share in the industry. We hope that by being market leaders, our name will become synonymous with the new drink category, and will aid in our sustaining a competitive advantage over the copy-cats that are sure to flock the market after the new products’ introduction and subsequent success. Our primary target market is 18-34 year old females who will use our sports drink whenever they needed a boost: at work, in the gym, or just when they felt like it. The secondary target market is 18-34 year old males who fall into much the same socio-cultural and economic category as the primary target market. The Nike Motion energy drink will be positioned as a high-end item, costing $2 per environmentally-friendly can. It will come in a variety of fruit flavors and will boast the replenishment of electrolytes and other essential vitamins and minerals. We hope that high-frequency mass market penetration using multi-media advertisements will spread the word and raise awareness about Nike Motion. National distribution will follow in supermarkets, pharmacies, health food stores, and gourmet retailers. The Nike brand name, accompanied by its strong brand image, will differentiate the product and maintain its popularity via the market leader and differentiation strategy the company has chosen. [2. 0] Environmental Analysis Economic Trends: The X and Y generations, our target markets, comprise about 110 million people of the United States population. They are, generally speaking, well-educated, and earn relatively higher incomes, thus allowing for much of their disposable income to be spent on health-oriented products, such as the new beverage we are planning to launch, Nike Motion. Neither positive, nor negative economic trends, such as changes in interest rates, inflation, DGP, etc. are not likely to have a significant impact on our product, since it’s not a high priced luxury item whose demand would be affected by theses factors. The quality of sports drinks consumed doesn’t really depend on the income of the consumers, since these are relatively inexpensive, everyday products. As a general trend however it is worth mentioning that the economy as a whole is growing in the United States as well as in other parts of the world, allowing for an ever increasing standard of living. Cultural and Demographic Trends: Socio-culturally, our target market is health-conscious and youth-oriented. The individuals comprising our target market of 18-34 year old men and women, are generally perceived as individualistic, with a focus on making healthy decisions via food choices (salad bars and the organics market have boomed), and exercise (from going on athletics-oriented vacations, to spending lunch hours in the gym). There is also a change in the lifestyle of Americans, and people around the world: fast paced, always on the go, eating out and socializing more. These people rarely have the time to cook at home, decreasing the regularity of consuming healthy meals. One of the best alternatives of getting the needed vitamins and nutrition is via healthy beverages, such as Nike Motion. The U. S. population’s general aversion to high calorie, high sugar, and high carbohydrate beverages will likely be beneficial to our new product. Demographically, a traditional family structure is becoming less typical, with an increasing number of couples co-habitating without being married, lower birth-rates, and a greater concentration on health and weight maintenance. As a result of these trends, consumption of youth-oriented products has grown as people strive to be in good shape. The Nike Motion energizing sports drink will provide the energy these people need to accomplish their objectives. Ethnic trends are likewise changing, with baby boomers retiring, and an increasing young Latino population emerging, along with an influx of Asians. The Hispanic population, becoming the largest minority segment in 2002, has grown 70 percent over the past decade to approximately 37 million (14. 1 percent of the U. S. population). These youths lead fast-paced lifestyles, frequently juggling school, work, and personal lives. For the younger generation, regardless of ethnic background, feeling tired is not an option. The popularity of the sports and energy drinks has proven this fact. We at Nike thus believe that Nike Motion will be a tremendous success, appealing to a health-conscious population with our alluring natural ingredients, while simultaneously satis fying the increasing need for energizing products. Political and Legal Environment: The political environment could have a significant effect on us if we were to market Nike Motion in foreign countries. Constant changes in exchange rates and political systems are important to keep in mind. As to the legal environment, each and every firm operates in nations of laws and rules that have to be obeyed. Coca Cola recently got into trouble due to an advertising message in which they, allegedly, portrayed Gatorade in an unfavorable light. The case was settled outside of court, but has cost millions of dollars for Coke. 2 Physical Environment and Technological Trends: The current physical environment, especially in metropolitan areas such as large cities, is very much conducive to the use of our product. Available in a large number of various retailers, our goal is to be the Starbucks of sports drinks – on every corner, there when you need it. Retailers stocking our product will be dispersed throughout the city, with a significant concentration in areas of business and entertainment (for example, in the downtown financial district, as well as near the Broadway theaters), as well as near learning centers and gyms. We want to make sure that Nike Motion is widely distributed and readily available, both to impulse shoppers, as well as for the more traditional type of buyer. Changes in technology may lower entry barriers and create new product processes. To enter the sports drink industry, large capital investments are required for production facilities, marketing, and etcetera. Technological changes, such as the internet, can create additional possibilities for promotion, via viral campaigns via the internet and emails that are so popular with our target market. Global Trends: Due to advances in technology and communication, we can safely say that the world has never been as united as it is currently. The internet, along with television, and to a lesser degree, radio, have served as outlets for disseminating cultural views, and incorporating adaptations of traditional ethnic ideas and beliefs into the mainstream, both within a country and internationally. Products ranging from clothing to music to the culinary arts have become widely accepted. We feel that sports drinks fall into this global category as well. From Europe to Latin America to the United States, lifestyles are becoming faster-paced (though to varying degrees) and are influencing the demand for products that will accommodate such consumer choices. In the last year alone, sales of sports drinks have increased by 10%. 3 [3. 0] Mission Statement Nike’s mission states: â€Å"If you have a body, you are an athlete. † Nike Motion, the new protein infused energy drink brought to you by Nike, targets the athlete in us all, whether you are on the track or on the couch, by providing hydration and energy with essential vitamins, minerals, and exotic herbs, proven to enhance performance, raise energy levels, as well as enhance mental agility. Nike motion is crucial for both body and mind. [4. 0] Market / Industry / Competition Analysis Competition Analysis of Sports Drink Industry Sports drinks experienced a remarkable growth in the late 1990s and early 2000s, growing almost 56 percent between 1997 and 2002. As a result of this increase in demand for sports drinks, a large number of products started flooding the market. This influx, however, is controlled by a limited number of established and powerful companies, namely Gatorade and Powerade. Gatorade, produced by PepsiCo, is a market leader, boasting 80 percent market share. Its chief competitor, Powerade (produced by Coca Cola), accounts for 19 percent of the remaining sports drink market. PepsiCo’s market share however is not safe. Since 2002, its share declined by 4 percent, while Coke’s Powerade grew by nearly 30 percent. 4 Most of the industry’s growth is driven by reaching new demographics, including ethnic groups, children and more serious exercisers. Attempts by other companies to market sports drinks have often failed, or achieved considerably less success than the existing players. Nike, in an attempt to avoid territorial battles, plans to carve a new niche, the energizing sports drinks with various essential nutrients, thus emerging as a market leader in this new category. As mentioned previously, given its established, strong brand image, and its association with everything healthy, such a move should not prove impossible. Porter’s Competitive Forces According to Porter’s Five Competitive Forces, the power of suppliers is low because the ingredients used, as well as the packaging, are commodities that can be easily substituted, and therefore do not involve high switching costs. The market is not dominated by a few large suppliers, but is rather fragmented, allowing for price competition. The power of buyers is medium, because even though there are many buyers, some of them are rather powerful. There is little chance that existing customers would integrate backwards. Sports drinks are differentiated products but can be replaced by a limited number of substitutes, water being the biggest threat. The consumers, according to trends in the macro environment will increasingly search for sports drinks on the store shelves. The small number of firms makes for a high degree of rivalry, with a few large companies competing amongst themselves, as well as vying to establish a significant foothold in order to prevent smaller firms from entering the market. The energy and sports drink products are thus differentiated, and vary in more than just price. The threat of new entrants is low to medium due to the fact that the attractive high-growth industry of sports drinks has very high barriers to entry; namely, it is capital intensive, requiring a lot of marketing and advertising of these products, discussing their benefits, as well as positioning them apart from the rest. Likewise, it necessitates large economies of scale in production. Such resources are difficult to achieve, and if marketing to the masses, it is something only large, wealthy companies can achieve. The threat of substitutes in this arena is quite high, in that the products currently on the market often differ in little other than brand and consumer perception. The switching costs from one brand to another are virtually zero, but companies can succeed if they’re able to retain their loyal customer bases. [4. 0] Summary of marketing activity in the industry Pricing strategy It is safe to state that there are no significant pricing differences among the brands, they are competitively priced. Both Gatorade and Powerade sell at about $1. 50-2. 00 for a 32 oz. bottle, depending on the location and on the type of retailer. There are really no pricing wars in this industry, since consumers are very brand loyal. Looking at the distribution channels, we can see that these sports drinks are sold at most retailers that sell groceries and other beverages. Retailers include: supermarkets, delis, vending machines, street vendors, cafeterias at gyms, etcetera. We see a potential advantage in selling Nike Motion at existing Nike outlets, such as sporting goods stores, and in Nike’s flagship stores, Niketowns, that are located in major cities around the world. Advertising and Promotions When discussing advertising and promotional strategies, we have to note that even the most successful companies need advertising and other promotional vehicles to further the success of their brands. Sports drink makers, given the degree of competition in the industry are doing just this. Gatorade spent $180 million on advertisements last year while Powerade spent less than $20 million, per Nielsen Monitor-Plus. Since these sports drinks primarily target health-conscious consumers and athletes, some of the most important promotional vehicles include sponsorship of sporting events, and signing of top athletes for promotional deals. Coca Cola was, for example, the official sponsor of the summer Olympic Games in Athens with its Powerade Drink. â€Å"We f ocus on niche audiences of top athletes, either through major events such as the Olympics, close relationships with sporting bodies, or by working with sports experts to produce targeted advertorial,’ says a Coca-Cola spokeswoman. ‘Consumer education is key,’ she adds. 6 Powerade earlier launched an online version of its LeBron James comic in its quest to position the brand as the sports drink for the next generation. A first for Coke and its partner DC Comics, the interactive site included flash technology and voice-overs by Mr. James across 12 Webisodes, as well as an instant win component and video games. 7 Gatorade on the other hand is the official sponsor of the National Football League, the official sports drink of the National Basketball Association, WNBA, Major League Baseball, Major League Soccer and a host of others around the world. In all, Gatorade has struck roughly 900 sponsorship deals with sports events over time, according to tracking by the IEG Sponsorship Report. Gatorade also will sponsor branded content during the National Basketball Association’s playoffs on ESPN, TNT and FSN networks. On TNT, broadcast personalities will air live sideline segments dubbed â€Å"Heard Around the Cooler† about game strategy, injuries, statistics and other insights, while ESPN will air branded â€Å"Cooler Talk† segments on its â€Å"Sports Center. † Challenges One of the biggest challenges these companies face is the problem of attracting more female consumers. According to the Mintel International Group, an industry observer, consumption patterns always leaned heavily toward males, but the trend showed signs of changing as more female teens reportedly were drinking more and more sports drinks. This reflected female teens’ ongoing interest in losing weight and increasing interest in exercise. 8 Sports beverage producers also began targeting the fast-growing Hispanic population. Gatorade’s Xtremo! was the first to appeal to this potential market with a line of more exotic and tropical flavors including mango and tropical. The effort was supported by bilingual packaging and Spanish-language advertising. Coca-Cola’s Powerade brand also began using Spanish-language advertising to tap into this market. We think that the most important industry factors that will be influential in our planning is the degree of competition that we’re hoping to offset with powerful and wide-reaching marketing campaigns. As I’ve mentioned earlier, there is a very high level of competition especially between Gatorade and Powerade. Both these companies spend millions of dollars on building their brands and their loyal customer base. We can see, however, a slight difference between the promotional techniques of the two. Gatorade is more centered on the top-athlete, while Powerade tries to depict a more cutting-edge picture that appeals primarily to the iPod generation. There might be another niche that is underserved, and that could be just what Nike Motion needs. An underserved niche, such as women and men of Generation X and Generation Y, might have a need for nutritious, on-the-go beverages that fit into their busy life-styles. Nike could target these niches successfully due to its existing brand image. [5. 0] Marketing Objective The Nike brand is a well known brand, its swoosh is one of the most recognizable signs out there, having established brand loyalty among many. Based on our market research, the brand extension of Nike Motion would have great potential for being the next great beverage among athletes and non-athletes. We would pursue a mass market penetration strategy for a saturated market, while still allowing for a vast opportunity in high profits and gaining market share due to Nike’s brand recognition. Our primary objective is to create product awareness among the target audience by 30 percent in one year and our secondary objective would be to increase market share. We would also want to inform our target audience about the features and benefits of our product and its competitive advantage, leading to a 10 percent increase in sales in one year. Many individuals are unaware of Nike’s new brand extension of a sports drink. Therefore we would pursue a high reach and high frequency strategy in our advertising in order to have maximum exposure. In order to accomplish this we would conduct a SWOT analysis to gain a better understanding of our target market and market segment. We want to achieve this objective by using secondary and primary research to get an in depth understanding of our target and to formulate a strategy to develop our campaign. Based on our research, trends and attitudes are moving toward health conscious products. How to cite Sports Drinks Industry Analysis, Essays

Wheels Novel Shane free essay sample

Shane perceives Jess as an outsider to the normal group of people he socializes with. Jess ignores the signs and tries to create friendship between Shane and her by creating an atmosphere full of happiness and gives Shane a gift while he is in hospital. Shane starts to see Jess as a very thoughtful person when he opened his gift and revealed an electronic chess board. Shane remarks that he does not know how to play chess, and is thankful when Jess enlightens him that she will come over every weekend and teach him how to play. The relationship between the two characters at this point has not truly started yet, with Shane still wary about Jess. Shane and Jess’s relationship starts to grow and becomes closer and closer later on in the book. Shane is grateful that Jess is the only one from school who has visited him since he came to rehab and unlike their first interaction, Shane is now eager to see Jess when she comes ever weekend to rehab and challenges him in a game of chess. Like most relationships between people there will always be hiccups along the way. We are confronted with a change in progress between Jess and Shane’s relationship when they are fooling around in the hospitals gymnasium. Jess challenges Shane to a wheelchair race and questions Shane to whether she can use his new chair. Thinking twice, Shane agrees and let’s Jess use his new chair that is far lighter than the hospital chairs that she generally uses. Giving Jess a head start, Shane quickly catches her with a great amount of effort. Shane finishes first and while he rests, he watches Jess finish speeding towards him with fear covering her face. Shane I can’t,’ she shrieks and at that moment she collides with Shane. Jess lays on top of Shane at this point, only centimeters away from his face. Jess looks into Shane’s eyes and surprisingly to Shane, Jess kisses him. Shane finds himself kissing back without realizing what is going on. Shane becomes puzzled on what has just happened and has an aggressive outbreak at Jess, telling her that he is ‘Not a friggin’ charity case! ’ Jess responds with sadness saying that Shane is stupid if he thinks she only kissed him because she feels pity towards him. As Shane watches Jess leave, he realizes that the relationship between him and Jess now, is very brittle. A week after their dispute, Jess returns like every other weeked to challenge Shane to another game of chess, not acknowledging their fight. When Shane returns back at school, he notices that Jess is back to her old dorky self again. He attempts to thank Jess for the wheelchair access but she quickly becomes shy and leaves, leaving Shane confused. He is amazed by the way Jess responded to seeing him and at this point the relationship becomes awkward once again. The relationship starts to even out when Shane is told that Jess’s dad didn’t die, he in fact left her family when she was only a child. Wanting the relationship to heal, Shane reacts in a nurturing manner giving support as she cried. Jess notices that Shane is not irritated about her lying and is relieved. After a lot of thought, Shane realizes that he and Jess have always had a bond even through their ups and downs and knows that it is more than friendship. Shane convinces himself to ask Jess the big question, unaware that his friend Ryan is at her house. He arrives at her front gate with flowers on his lap that he had previously bought from a nearby florist, with the flowers specially picked out for her. Abruptly, Jess comes out of the front door with Ryan following, grasping her hand. At this stage Shane is confused to why they are together as Jess and Ryan walk over to greet him. Jess reveals that Ryan bet him to it and they are now a couple as Shane sat shocked in his chair. Although he is upset, he states that he is happy for the both of them. Jess acknowledges the flowers on Shane’s lap, knowing that it is too late Shane that they are for his mother to save the embarrassment. The relationship between Jess and Shane has now become awkward due to the fact that Jess is now focusing on Ryan instead of Shane but still remaining close friends. Until the last number of pages in the novel, the relationship between Shane and Jess remained the same. Shane has always been uneasy about Ryan and Jess dating but has always covered it up when they are around only wishing that he was in Ryan’s position. Before his Nationals race, he is asked out by another competitor at his racing school. Shane reveals that it is Jess that she likes, knowing his feelings are for only her. Rachel gives Shane advice pointing out that he should tell Jess that he likes her, slowly building Shane’s confidence. He finally decided to tell Jess that he loves her, Jess did not react but quickly became nervous leaving Shane quite anxious as he punched the wheels on the wheelchair and sped off. Their relationship at this point is building but still remains awkward from when Shane told Jess he loved her. It wasn’t until a week later when Jess went to Shane at his home to congratulate him about making Nationals. Everything was usual until Jess told Shane that she had broken up with Ryan and that she had feelings for someone else who turned out to be Shane. At this leg in Shane and Jess’s relationship, they are both interested in each other and are closer than any other point in the book. In conclusion, whilst observing the relationship between Shane and Jess, you are shown their friendship between the two characters is genuine and that it turns out to be more.

Problem Solving Simulation free essay sample

Assignment:Â  Problem-Solving Simulation How did you interpret the problem? When I was interpreting the problem I was trying to look at the whole picture. When in all reality I should have been breaking down the problem into sections so I could concentrate on the issue at hand. I will have to admit that shook my head allot over this because it was hard to look outside the box, as one might want to say. The goal was to get all three animals to the other side of the river without any of them being harmed by one of the other animals. The cat would eat the mouse if left alone, or the dog and the cat would fight if left alone. The strange part was the mouse and the dog could not be left on the other side of the bank either. What strategy did you use and how did you evaluate your progress? The strategy I took was that to find most common problem between the three animals. We will write a custom essay sample on Problem Solving Simulation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When I was evaluating the possibilities of getting them all three over the river it was overwhelming at first. I was able to attain that the main problem was the cat. The cat did not get along with the dog, nor did it get along with the mouse. The only obvious thing to do was to get the cat across the river first. This way the dog and the mouse were safe on the other bank. My problem was once I got the cat across the river and came back for one of the other animals I soon realized that either one I took next would cause a problem with the cat. Did you encounter any obstacles while solving the problem? I was upset that I could not get my mind to look outside the box. There had to be a reasonable solution to this problem. A few obstacles were encountered along the way while I was trying to solve this mystery. I would take the cat over first which was fine, because the dog and mouse was okay while on the original side of the river. As soon as I would take over one of the other animals with the cat all heck broke loose due to the cat not getting along with either the dog or the mouse. I knew there had to be an easier answer to this problem. After thinking carefully, I took the dog over first then the cat and mouse fought and then when I took the mouse over first then the dog and cat fought. It almost seemed impossible. Were you aware of this thought process as you worked through the problem? Then after careful consideration and the knowledge I had that the cat had to be the instigator in all this fighting I knew for sure that the cat had to go first. After reading the assigned reading to this issue I knew the answer was outside the box. I will admit that I even placed this task to my mom just to see if she would be as stumped as I was. Now as a recap; I knew the cat was the bad guy in this scenario, so the problem was how would I get the other two over there safely? Then it came to my mom and me! Wow what a revelation it was. Yes the cat was the mean one, and could not be left alone. So, you had to send the cat over first and return raft for another animal. Once you had the other animal over to the bank you had to put the cat back onto the raft and leave him alone on the first bank. This gave you the time you needed to get the other animal over to the other side. So in all reality the cat was the first one to cross over to the other side and the last one to be left on the first side. I do have to say this was a mind stretcher of an activity. I do enjoy trying to figure things like this out. It may take me a while but it is awesome when you do figure it out, at that point you knew you looked outside the box and found your answer.

Health, Safety Environmental Management. The WritePass Journal

Health, Safety Environmental Management. 1.0 INTRODUCTION: Health, Safety Environmental Management. 1.0 INTRODUCTION:1.1 SCOPE OF THE REPORT:2.0 EMS AND ECO CAMPUS:2.1.0 TYPES OF EMS:2.1.1 ISO 14001:2.1.2 ECO- MANAGEMENT AUDIT SCHEME (EMAS):2.1.3 IEMA – Acorn Scheme:2.2.0 ECO- CAMPUS AND HOW IT RELATES TO EMS:2.2.1 THE AWARD WINNING CRITERIA:3.0 POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF THE SYSTEM:4.0 EVIDENCE OF BRONZE AND SILVER MEDALS5.0 STEPS TO ACHIEVE THE GOLD MEDAL1. Resources, Roles and Responsibilities2. Competence and Training  Ã‚   3. Communication4. Documentation/Control of documents5. Operational Control6. Emergency Preparedness and Response 6.0 CONCLUSION: 7.0 REFERENCES:Related 1.0 INTRODUCTION: We are living in an era described as an environmentally conscious age, where every deed acted by humans in terms of development, the effect is being weighed in relation to our environment. Consequently this has prompted a substantial number of environmental regulations being endorsed to hold business organizations more accountable for their environmental responsibilities. These policies tend to focus on tackling such problems from the source, with the knowledge of how certain insignificant decisions taken by such organizations can have a detrimental effect on the environment as a whole. (Darnall et al 2008). One of the strategies adopted by these organisations was to introduce a tool known as Environmental Management System (EMS) that can be used to achieve a high degree of environmental protection within the context of sustainable development. (Bansal and Bagner.2002). This tool was first developed by the British Standards Institute (BSI) identified as BS7750 published in 1992. By 1994 the European Commission published another management tool known as Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS). According to Bansal and Bagner after an increasing demand for improved environmental performance by the United Nations, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) was mandated to create an internationally recognised environmental management system called ISO 14001 which is being used up to date. Over the years EMS has been seen as part of a policy frame work for establishing any type of organisation from Schools, hospitals to even shops. However, within the years researchers are beginning to question the authenticity of EMSs since organisations claim to have one, when infact they make no attempt to reduce their environmental damage. â€Å"In instances where EMSs enhances an organization’s environmental performance, critics argue that improvements are likely to occur within the organization’s operational boundaries rather than being extended throughout the supply chain.† (Darnall et al 2008). Despite these emerging misconceptions EMS has been effective in reducing environmental impacts within and outside the organisations especially as fines and penalties are being enforced on non compliance of organisations by the regulatory bodies. 1.1 SCOPE OF THE REPORT: This report will focus on EMS and how it relates to Eco campus, a tool established by Glasgow Caledonian University to regulate its environmental impacts. Furthermore, it will look at the positive and negative aspects of adopting an EMS, and the evidences of bronze and silver medals won by the GCU through implementation of eco campus and the steps towards achieving a Gold medal. 2.0 EMS AND ECO CAMPUS: According to Coglianese and Nash an EMS can be described as a set of in-house policies, reviews, plans and functioning actions affecting the entire organization and its relationships with the natural environment. They went on further to say even though the specific institutional description of EMSs differ across organizations, all EMSs entail setting up an environmental policy or plan which goes through internal evaluations of the organization’s environmental impacts including computation of those impacts and how they have changed over time, creating quantifiable goals to reduce those environmental impacts, providing resources and training workers, checking implementation progress through systematic auditing to ensure that goals are being reached, correcting deviations from goal attainment and undergoing management review. Absolute incessant improvements are done on the model, which are anticipated to help organizations insert environmental practices deep within their operatio nal frameworks so that protecting the natural environment becomes a fundamental component of their overall business strategy (Shireman, 2003). Environmental management systems function under the Shewart and Deming cycle of continual improvement which can be actualized by a step by step procedure. . It is repetitive and based on the PLAN – DO – CHECK – ACT system. First of all, a re-evaluation of the institution is done and a plan is set out on how the review made can be improved. Next is to develop how to execute the plan and once the system has been implemented, it is verified frequently to see if it is performing successfully. Finally, any suggestions for improvements are implemented. The cycle then begins again so that the system is repeatedly improved and refined to have room for future changes. (ecocampus.co.uk). The figure below illustrates the process further. Source: www.ecocampus.co.uk    2.1.0 TYPES OF EMS: Presently there are quite a few recognizable standards in Environmental Management Systems, but most the recognised and certified are the: ISO 14001: 2004 International Standard for Environmental Management. Eco – Management Audit Scheme (EMAS). IEMA – Acorn Scheme. (www.iema.net) 2.1.1 ISO 14001: ISO14001 objective is necessitating an organisation to implement an Environmental Policy within the organisation fully supported by the top management, and outlining the policies of the company, not only to the staff but to the public. The policy has to be in conformity with Environmental Legislations that may affect the organization and stressing a commitment to continuous improvement. Emphasis should also be placed on policy as this provides the direction for the remainder of the Management System. (Hillary 1999). Furthermore, ISO 14001 has grown at a very fast rate, and has gained acceptance as the â€Å"model T† among management systems perhaps not as a flashy or advanced as others, but prescriptive, reliable, affordable (in terms of cost and effort) and perhaps most importantly it gets you there. 2.1.2 ECO- MANAGEMENT AUDIT SCHEME (EMAS): The EU Eco Management and Audit Scheme recognized as EMAS is a voluntary market based instrument designed to inculcate better environmental performance from all types of organisations. EMAS has also been intended to completely be well-suited with international standard for environmental management systems ISO 14001, but goes further in its requirements for performance improvement, employee involvement, legal compliance and communication with stakeholders. Uniquely EMAS requires organisations to produce an independently verified report about their performances. (www.iema.net) 2.1.3 IEMA – Acorn Scheme: It has been mentioned by the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA) that Acorn Scheme is an officially accepted EMS standard suggested by the government, which offers a suitable step by step approach to environmental management using the British Standard BS8555. IEMA also described the scheme as a coherent practical tool that contains five stages of EMS implementation. Each stage is further subdivided into other individual stage profiles which match up to the schemes principle. 2.2.0 ECO- CAMPUS AND HOW IT RELATES TO EMS: Eco campus has been defined by the ecocampus website as both an environmental management system and an award scheme for the higher education sector. The scheme allows institutions to be acknowledged for adopting certain sustainable key issues. The main aim of the eco campus scheme is to encourage, reward and provide tools to assist institutions in moving towards environmental sustainability through good operational and management practices. The eco campus programme consist of four phases; Bronze, Silver, Gold, and Platinum. By working through these phases, the university will -:    Renew its current environmental performance and plan how it can be improved.    Develop procedures to implement the plan    Check actual progress    Ensure any recommendations for improvement and implement them. The Eco campus like the EMS, share the same objectives which is to inculcate, promote and integrate steps, ideas, plans that have less effect on the environment.   In terms of implementation Eco campus works in the same manner with the EMS which is the application of the four key steps â€Å"Plan- Do-Check-Act† and off course with the criteria of continual improvement. Basically an eco campus is a tool that helps institutions achieve sustainability through an EMS approach, the relationship being an eco campus is an EMS with a different name because it functions in an institutional organisation. The only difference between the two would be the award winning criteria your institution tends to gain by adopting eco campus, whereas EMS does not reward implementation especially in that manner (bronze, silver, gold and platinum). 2.2.1 THE AWARD WINNING CRITERIA: The eco campus award criterion is based on the PLAN – DO – CHECK – ACT system and these four stages are awarded sequentially by the four medals assigned by the scheme. Bronze (planning), Silver (implementing), Gold (operating) and Platinum (checking and correct). The bronze phase basically complements the â€Å"planning† and this has to do with how devoted the senior management are towards attaining a sustainable institution. Environmental awareness, training, baseline environmental reviews and drafting an environmental policy are the main key elements of the bronze phase. An institution must be able to show these four basic commitments before they can be certified a bronze worthy. The Silver however is referred to as â€Å"implementing† and it requires the execution of the elements highlighted in the policy. It`s key elements include: legal and other requirements, significant environmental aspects, objectives, targets, programmes, and environmental policy. The gold is recognised as â€Å"operating† and consist of resources, roles and responsibilities; competence, training and awareness; communication; documentation and control of documents; operational control; emergency preparedness and response. Finally the platinum which is the checking correcting requires monitoring, measurement of the success so far followed by the evaluation of compliance in terms of abiding by the restrictions placed the non conformity, correctiveness, and preventive action. Furthermore control of records is required, internal auditing and finally the management review.(GCU Envirocampus, 2007) 3.0 POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF THE SYSTEM: According to Glasgow Caledonian University/sustainability website EMS has the following beneficial qualities: assists in obtaining a licence to operate and complying with legal and other requirements such as planning consents; improves relationships with regulators; helps to prevent enforcement or civil actions; reduces hidden costs associated with legal action (including substantial draw on management time); avoids fines and damages awarded from legal action through criminal or civil courts improves operational and process efficiency; reduces operating costs and resource use thereby increasing profitability; reduces outlay on waste disposal; gives the institution a long-term sustainable future; develops relationships with stakeholders by satisfying investors’ lenders’ and insurers’ environmental performance requirements; helps to obtain insurance at a reasonable cost; enhances the internal and external image of the institution, making it more marketable; helps attract and retain quality staff and students; Reduces pollution and improves the environment. And EMS has the following drawbacks: requires human and financial resources; takes time to convince people that it is worthwhile; requires good communication and training; can be time-consuming to implement and maintain From the above mentioned list, it clearly signifies how the advantages of an EMS overshadow the disadvantages, and for an effective and organised improvement of an institution’s environmental activities, it is most recommended.       4.0 EVIDENCE OF BRONZE AND SILVER MEDALS According to the GCU/Sustainability website on June the 12th 2009 Glasgow Caledonian University received a bronze medal. It was presented by the eco campus Director, Dr Peter Redfern of Nottingham Trent University to Jim McQueen who received it on behalf of Glasgow Caledonian University eco campus team during workshop number 5 at Bournemouth University on the 1st of July 2009. It was on a time scale of 2 and 3 month and it covered the â€Å"planning stage†. It had an upfront cost of  £9000 for purchase of training tools. These tools are: web trainer tool, review tool, significance calculator tool and document control tool. The silver medal was later awarded on the 28th of April 2010 after successfully completing the â€Å"implementation stage†. The certificate was presented to Therese Fraser and Jim McQueen on May the 18th 2010 at Nottingham Trent University in correspondence to their Workshop 9 attendance. This was undoughtedly accomplished based on the commitments the staff and students of GCU had put in.   Presently, the institution focuses on programmes to reduce carbon dioxide emissions under the supervision of the university in areas such as administrative, accommodation, and leisure buildings. It also has in place a carbon management plan which was approved by the carbon trust on 30th April 2010. (gcu.ac.uk/sustainability). As part of their commitment towards creating a sustainable and carbon free campus, GCU has joined the carbon trust scheme in addition to the eco campus plan. Besides that, their commitment goes as far as reducing their adverse impacts on the environment under the mandate set up by the Scottish government which involves an action to reduce carbon dioxide emission and to the climate change Bill 2007, commitments has been made to reduce emissions nationally by 69% by 2050. The School is also committed to promote projects which enhance society’s management of waste through collaborating with an environmental body that utilizes landfill tax credits called SCORE. (gcu.ac.uk/sustainability). In terms of drafting an environmental policy under the bronze criteria GCU have been active in that department, a lot have been drafted but just to mention a few. The policies include: Incorporate recycling initiatives within our waste management review, increase recycling by 5% year on year. Develop the use of recycled materials and increase recycling initiatives. Prevent pollution by reducing emissions and discharges. Reduce the negative impacts associated with our travel by 4% in this year while developing partnerships with travel groups. Reduction in water by 10% over the next 2 years by increasing automatic metering. As mentioned in the policy document, it is underpinned by the values of the University and is subject to annual review by the Executive Board which is also another criteria for award attainment (environmental reviews) together with â€Å"implementation† of these plans which is the silver stage.   The university achieved this through its collaborative effort between the EMS manager and certain specialists in each area of GCU. They reviewed aspects like electricity which has severe negative impacts especially as it is produced by burning fossil fuels. (gcu.ac.uk/sustainability). Regarding the issue of awareness, trainings workshops, GCU has achieved a lot in that area quite a number of awareness weeks trainings have taken place like its carbon footprint programme that was held on Environment day May the 5th. Other awareness campaigns followed such as facilities management department held an Environmental Energy awareness day on Thursday November 1st 2007.   Amongst them the most successful one that took place was the Energy awareness day of September the 19th 2006. It was estimated that over 1,000 staffs and students passed through the exhibition. 5.0 STEPS TO ACHIEVE THE GOLD MEDAL The Gold phase of the eco campus covers â€Å"operating† as mentioned earlier and is depended upon the institutions commitment. Operating consists of the following:-    Resources, roles, responsibilities and authority;    Competence, training and awareness    Communication    Documentation    Control of documents    Operational control    Emergency preparedness and response. (eco campus Audit criteria 2005-2008) 1. Resources, Roles and Responsibilities The university will have to provide evidence of appropriate resources put in place in order to implement the environmental management system. Roles and responsibilities should be allocated to member staffs and students; this will enable the institution to finalise the outline management structure. 2. Competence and Training  Ã‚   All training records shall be collated, recorded and stored. Assessment shall also be made on the competency of persons whose work may have a significant impact on the environment. Both staff and students especially those that are part of the eco campus team should have adequate training to ensure they understand the environmental issues relating to the institution and their roles and responsibilities for implementing the environmental management system. The same Training should also be done to any new persons joining the team and all training should be recorded and updated. 3. Communication Procedures must be adopted for documenting and responding to environmental communication received from within and outside the institution. This can be achieved through presentations, briefings, lectures etc and key environmental impacts and relevant legal issues should be communicated to team members. Also, roles and responsibilities should be communicated to all relevant persons in order to meet the commitments made in the environmental policy and objectives and targets 4. Documentation/Control of documents The institution shall develop an EMS manual describing how the EMS operates and cross referencing to relevant documentation. A procedure for controlling environmental management system documentation shall be established. This entails -documents shall be defined. i-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An authorised person shall approve system document prior to release and the date of approval shall be shown on the document. ii-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Record of changes made to documents shall be maintained. iii-  Ã‚  Ã‚   Responsibilities, authorities and processes for disposing of absolute documents shall be defined. iv-  Ã‚  Ã‚   An authorised person shall approve system document prior to release and the date of approval shall be shown on the document. 5. Operational Control Having control over all operational activities is a vital role in achieving the Gold medal. This can be made possible by looking at the guide as follows:- A procedure should be developed to outline the management of operational control procedures; procedures that address significant aspects in line with objectives and targets should be developed. These procedures shall demonstrate how the institution controls those areas of its activities which could have an effect on the environment. 6. Emergency Preparedness and Response System to identify and respond to emergencies which could result in damage to the environment must be put in place. A schedule of emergency procedure test drill should be established, this will help to describe how the institution review and test emergency preparedness and response. Glasgow Caledonian University through some of its activities like being part of the carbon trust and the commitments to sustainability and creation of greener campus has already tackled some of the basic elements listed above. However, there is still more to be done to ensure the institution becomes a sustainable institution. Some key issues like waste management and creating awareness through campaigns still needs to be addressed. Most students are either not aware or refuse to comply with the waste management strategy. There seem to be a waste segregation and recycling that is going on but due to lack of awareness most of students do not know therefore, there is still much that has to be done in order to attain the Gold level and achieve a sustainable university. And a target for that should be the international students which GCU has quite a few, source segregation for example needs to be made aware especially during the first weeks of orientation about how it works and its import ance. Water management and electricity consumption is another issue that needs to be addressed, motion light sensors and water meters should be installed in hostels because that is where most of the consumption takes place. Students should be enlightened on the impacts of such actions and the need to develop a secure, safe and sustainable institution for learning. I also recommend placing parking ticket fee or stamps to parking spaces this will help reduce emissions from staff and students from coming with cars and at the same time make subsidies and promos on bus fares to school.    6.0 CONCLUSION: All institutional activities have an impact on the environment and there is need to review our mannerisms if we are committed in reducing the effects. This can best be achieved through the incorporation of an environmental management system which appears to be the most logical and effective way. The success of the systems without a dought takes a little while to be actualized but there are a lot of gains attached to it, such as the Eco campus award schemes, National Recognitions, an efficient structured management system and above all the Management of our Environment. And again the success as mentioned in the report requires the devotion of the People within the organisation. So it is about time Government Steps in and make EMS a more Standardize requirement for organizations especially schools where most of the daily activities occur in terms of resources usage.    7.0 REFERENCES: Caledonian Environmental Centre (CEC): 2007; implementing an environmental management system in Glasgow Caledonian University Coglianese, C. Nash J.2001. Regulating from the Inside team can Environmental Management system Achieve Policy Goals?   Washington: Resources for the future Press. Darnall, N. Henriques,I.   Sardosky, P.2008. Do Environmental Management systems Improve business Performance In an International Setting? Journal on International Management, 2008, 14, pp364-376 Eco campus Audit criteria 2005- 2008; Available on blackboard via health and safety assignment materials Ecocampus. (2010). Ecocampus [Online]Available at: ecocampus.co.uk/EMS.htm[ Accessed on 4 November 2010] GCU.(2010). Sustainability[Online] Available at : http// www.gcu.ac.uk/sustainability/susprochtml.[accessed 3 November 2010] Hillary, R. (1999). Evaluation of Study Reports on the Barriers, Opportunities and Drivers for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in the Adoption of EMSs. London: Network for Environmental Management and Auditing. Paper submitted to UK Government. Department of Trade and Industry: Environment Directorate (5/10/99). Institute Of Environmental Management Assessment.[Online] Available on iema.net.[Accessed 3 November 2010]. Shireman W. 2003. A Measurement Guide to Productivity: 50 Powerful Tools to Grow your Triple Bottom Line. Asian Productivity Organization: Tokyo

The top 5 education jobs for 2018

The top 5 education jobs for 2018 â€Å"I should teach† is the common refrain of people everywhere who are fed up with their jobs at any given moment, but actually taking steps toward making that switch takes a lot more than temporary frustration. Whether you’re already on an educational career path, trying to decide what comes next, or you’re one of those career changers who has decided to go ahead and commit to that change, we have some insight into some of the top educational job prospects in the next year. 1. Instructional coordinator/designerInstructional designers, also known as instructional coordinators, are educational professionals who work more behind the scenes. They’re not necessarily in the classroom, but rather work with schools, school districts, teachers, and educational companies to develop and oversee educational curriculums and teaching standards. Their job may include training teachers, reviewing and recommending textbooks, creating materials that align with how studen ts learn, working with new technology to develop comprehensive learning materials or programs, and instituting standards across disciplines or schools.With the growing emphasis on curriculum standards and using technology in the classrooms, this is a field that is expected to grow faster than average over the next 10 years.What you’ll need: This is a pretty specialized field, and most instructional coordinators have a master’s degree, as well as past experience working as a teacher or a school administrator. Some states require that these coordinators have a license if they work in public schools, so be sure to confirm your own state’s requirements.What it pays: According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), instructional coordinators make a median annual salary of $62,460 per year, or $30.03 per hour.2. High school teacherTeaching high school is not for the faint of heart. It requires a strong degree of familiarity with a subject and the ability to con nect with teenagers in an educationally meaningful way. But if you’re up to the task of dealing with the nation’s 16-year-olds, there’s always a huge demand for secondary school teachers.High school teachers typically have a specialty (like English, history, or math), and may teach different academic levels within that specialty. The job is heavy on classroom management, with a high volume of students, because the teacher may have a significant courseload. Most high schools keep regular hours (early morning until mid-afternoon), but teachers might also have to put time in during evenings and weekends to prepare for the days ahead. The good news is that you’ll likely have summers off.What you’ll need: A bachelor’s degree, preferably in the education field. All states also require that public high school teachers be licensed, so if you plan to teach in a public school be sure to understand what your own state’s requirements are for cert ification.What it pays: According to the BLS, high school teachers make a median annual salary of $58,030 per year.For more on how to snag teaching jobs:A Beginner’s Guide on How to Become a Teacher3. Elementary school teacherIf you’re interested in the classroom but are more interested in teaching a younger set of students, qualified elementary school teachers are also in high demand. Early childhood educators are responsible for the teaching and well-being of students ranging from kindergarten (or in some schools, pre-kindergarten) through fifth or sixth grade. They are often general specialists, and teach students a range of basic subjects like math, reading, writing, science, history/social studies to get them ready for the next grade. Because students are younger, there are often basic life skills taught as part of the classroom experience.What you’ll need: A bachelor’s degree in early childhood education. Each state also requires that public school teachers be licensed, so if you plan to teach in a public school make sure to understand what your own state’s requirements are for certification.  What it pays: According to the BLS, elementary school teachers make a median annual salary of $55,490 per year.For more on how to snag elementary school teaching jobs:How to Become a Kindergarten Teacher4. ParaprofessionalIf you’re interested in a career in education but don’t have an education-specific degree, becoming a paraprofessional can be a great first step. Paraprofessionals, sometimes called teacher’s aides, are educational professionals who assist teachers in the classroom. Duties may include teaching lessons, helping with classroom behavior management, taking attendance, monitoring students during activities, helping with grading, or working directly with students who need help. Paraprofessionals can be found in elementary schools, secondary schools, or daycare facilities.What you’ll need: A high school degree is usually the main educational requirement, but it helps to have completed some college courses or an Associate’s degree, particularly in education. Each state and school district has its own rules for paraprofessional certification, so you should see what your state requires. Many states and schools require that paraprofessionals take a standardized test to certify that these educators meet a minimum standard.  Ã‚  Ã‚   What it pays: According to the BLS, paraprofessionals make a median annual salary of $25,410 per year. This can vary based on experience, and whether the paraprofessional chooses to specialize in a particular teaching area (like special education).For more on how to snag paraprofessional jobs:How to Become a Paraprofessional5. STEM TeacherTeachers who specialize in the STEM field (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) have a hugely bright future, as more and more school systems look to prepare students for an increasingly digital world. This is a specialty, usually taught on the high school level, where teachers prepare students for further study in engineering or the sciences. STEM teachers plan lessons, develop activities, integrate technology, and use current technology and science concepts in the classroom.What you’ll need: A bachelor’s degree in the sciences or engineering. You may also need a bachelor’s degree or higher in education, as well. Each state also requires that public school teachers be licensed, so if you plan to teach in a public school make sure to understand what your own state’s requirements are for certification.What it pays: According to the BLS, these specialized STEM teachers make a median annual salary of $107,490 per year.If you’re considering an educational career path, it’s hard to think of a field that can be more fulfilling. If you’ve thought it over and have decided to set your career path in (or near) the classroom, th ere are a number of paths you can take to take advantage of the current trends in education. Wherever you choose to go, a focus on technology will always bring you to the most promising opportunities in today’s teaching world. Good luck!

Skin Morbidity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Skin Morbidity - Essay Example Moreover, the cultural viewpoint should be used in the assessment and perception of skin disease because ethnic groups may differ in their views of the diseases. Most data on skin diseases in the general population come from Western subjects who have been diagnosed in hospitals. Self-reported cases on skin morbidity have shown that skin disease is related to overall poor health and low socioeconomic status. Thus, the goal of this research study was to determine the presence of ethnic differences in self-reported skin morbidity among adults of ethnic groups in a Norwegian urban community. The study design was cross-sectional, involving residents of Oslo County in Norway. A questionnaire was mailed to 40,888 individuals, of which 18,747 responded. The invitation to participate was based on the participant’s age, socio-demographic status, and country of birth. The questionnaires obtained information on socio-demographic factors and aspects of health and self-reported health conditions, which included details on health conditions. From their responses, participants were further grouped based on migration history, diet, language and religion. One hundred fifteen nationalities were represented in the sample and were classified according to their region of origin and income. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The sample population had an approximately uniform age and contained more females. Eighty-four percent of the sample was from Norway, with the rest coming from Western countries, Eastern Europe, East Asia, Middle East, India and Africa. In men, more reports of skin itch came from East Asians, while dry and sore skin was more common in those from Middle East and North Africa. Hair loss was the main complaint of Indian, Middle Eastern and North African males. In contrast, the women reported different skin problems. Pimples prevailed in Africans, and sweat in Eastern Europeans,

The Face of Battle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Face of Battle - Essay Example I’ve been through two wars and I know. I’ve seen cities and homes in ashes. I’ve seen thousands of men lying on the ground, their dead faces looking up at the skies. I tell you, war is Hell! General Sherman had seen war up close and his admonition rings horribly true, and bears the ring of truthfulness gained through his heart experiences. However, the knowledge of the actual experience of war that most people have gained is most likely through secondhand exposure by way of literature or newspaper accounts or military histories. In his book â€Å"The Face of Battle" John Keegan, a respected military historian and lecturer on war at the Royal military Academy at Sandhurst, attempts to put a human face upon the experience of war in ways perhaps never attempted before. The purpose of his book is to describe experience of war, the most extreme of all human experiences, for those who have not experienced it firsthand. Paradoxically, Keegan himself is strictly in an academic who has had no personal experience of war himself, but only knows it secondhand through readings and personal information gained from relatives. Keegan points out in the poignant and illuminating introduction to the books main thesis that the writing of history there has been a paucity of descriptions of war which can give to a reader any sort of realistic and visceral understanding of the process and all of its horrible mechanisms. In his overview of the worlds literature on war he shows that almost all writings on the subject can be pigeonholed into a number of distinct categories. They can either be described as poetic and imagistic, desiccated and academic, wholly inaccurate and useless for gaining understanding, vague and confusing, too temporal, local and subjective, and perhaps worst of all of a self-serving. For a prime example of the poetic and imagistic style of the war literature the author provides a spectacular example written by General Sir William Napier concerning a

Sexual orientation and the Environment Essay Example for Free

Sexual orientation and the Environment Essay Psychology in everyday life second edition is a great book with lots of great information. But I find myself disagreeing with you on chapter four Environment and Sexual Orientation. I think that environmental factors have a lot to do with sexual orientation. You asked four questions: is homosexuality linked with problems in a child’s relationship with parents, does homosexuality involve a fear or hatred of people of the other gender, is sexual origination linked with levels of sex hormones, and as children were many homosexuals victimized? I think that all of those things including your environment can be a deciding factor in your sexual orientation. Sexual orientation is an enduring sexual attraction towards members of either our own or other sex. I think your environment plays one of the biggest roles in your sexual ordination because your environment influences the thing that you do. As a child you’re very young and impressionable it’s just like monkey see, monkey do. Our parents affect our relationships because our parents are the first relationship we see and as a child everything we see our parents do we mimic. There for If we grow up around a same sex relationship and you are used to seeing that in your everyday situation that is what you are use to and you may feel like that’s the way you want to live your life. So from what you saw as a child made you choose to be in a same sex relationship. I also think that the kind of relationships that you have with your parents also affects our sexuality. The relationship with your parents is one of the most influence relationships that you have in your life so it can very much have a positive or a negative effect on you. For example you growing up having a bad relationship with your dad may leave the impression that all men are dogs. That may cause you to drift away from the opposite sex. A male could have a horrible relationship with his mother leaving a bad impression of woman causing him to have ell feelings towards women because he never experienced a good relationship with his mom. I think there are a lot of different factors in some one big attracted to the same sex. Also someone being victimize as a child can cause them to be homosexual I don’t think that is the cause for every on but I do think it played a factor in some peoples lifestyle choice. Would that be the cause for everyone no not at all but it would be for some. Like genetic influences for example, shared sexual orientation is higher among identical twins than among fraternal twins. There are also brain differences for example gay men’s hypothalamus reacts as do straight women’s to the smell of sex-related hormones. Also the mother’s immune system may play a role in the development of sexual orientation. Another interesting fact is that men who have older brothers are somewhat more likely to be gay about one third more likely for each additional older brother. Altered prenatal hormones exposure may lead to homosexuality in humans and other animals. Also right handed men with several older biological brothers are more likely to be gay, possibly due to a maternal immune system reaction. Homosexuality does appear to run in families homosexual men have more homosexual relatives on their mother’s side than on their father’s as you can see yes there are a lot of different things that can go into someone becoming gay. But my opinion that I think your environment plays the biggest role as it does for anyone else. Your environment shapes and moles you as a person. It might not be the deciding factor to what makes you gay, but I think it plays a big role. In the situation . So based on these findings I would have to disagree with you I very much do believe that your environment plays a huge role in your sexual orientation. I would like to think you for your time, and I think that chapter four has brought some very good insight and I have learned a lot. You made some very valet point’s thank you again for your insight.

Presidential Biography of Theodore Roosevelt :: American Presidents History Governmental Essays

Presidential Biography of Theodore Roosevelt Ascension To The White House As Governor of New York, Roosevelt would once againl stand on his own and distance himself from the political bosses and machines that got him elected. The head of the Republican machine, Thomas Platt, had misgivings about making Roosevelt governor of New York because of Roosevelt's total independence and his reform nature. But in the gubernatorial race of 1898, with the bad press the Republican Party was receiving, there seemed to be no one else who had a chance. Roosevelt was riding the crest of the wave of being a true war hero, and with Platt's help together they might keep the Democrats from winning the office. Platt in return for his help expected Roosevelt to let him make the appointments and carry the party line. Roosevelt had no intentions of being Platt's puppet, and as soon as he got in office the two would begin to battle. Roosevelt had to be careful, because to totally alienate Platt would cripple his chances to go any further politically or even threaten his chances to be reelected governor. Roosevelt made his point by declining to appoint Platt's first suggested appointee. After making his point, however, Roosevelt tried to work with the Republican boss to the extent of not abandoning his own principals. Platt for his part could not toss the war hero out on his ear in 1900, but at the same time, he wanted to find a way to gracefully get Roosevelt out of his hair. Platt's opportunity to get rid of Roosevelt came with the approach of the presidential election of 1900. McKinley was discretely looking for a new running mate to replace Hobart in the upcoming election. It was fairly obvious that the Democrats would choose William Jennings Bryan as their candidate of choice again, and McKinley would need a fiery speaking running mate to offset Bryan's oratory abilities. McKinley would simply sit back and look Presidential while his running mate would attack Bryan. Hobart was not a gifted orator, and this decision to replace him became all that much easier when he died just prior to the national Republican convention. Mark Hanna had run McKinley's campaign in 1896 and wanted nothing to do with Roosevelt in 1900. Platt on the other hand saw his opportunity to get rid of Roosevelt at the same time saving face in his own home state of New York.

Alex Sanders

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM * How can Sam Glass channelize and bring out Alex Sander’s competencies so that he can contribute more effectively to the progress of his product team at Landon Care Products? * In what ways can Landon Care Products Inc. restructure its 360  ° performance review such that it can help employees achieve their highest leadership potential? SWOT AnalysisSTRENGTHS * enthusiastic in his work and never wears out * talented and highly qualified * driven by his sense of achievement and brings results * good learning ability and grasping power * undaunted by new challenges * appreciative of good work| WEAKNESSES * pushy and demanding * short tempered * inflexible at work * expects everyone to work according to his style of working * creates a stressful work atmosphere by asking people to work overtime| OPPORTUNITIES * Has entrepreneurial ability, is a go getter, identifies and implements tasks within the given time frame and has passion for learning new skills and filling any gaps in knowledge. Using this skill, he has the opportunity to start his own successful venture. * Possibility of improvementTaking his 360 degree feedback positively, Alex may try to improve on his working style and motivate and mentor his team to help them work effectively. This will aid in creating a high performance team and would result in success of the rebranding project of Nourish. THREATS * Can lose his jobDue to his continued arrogance and over confidence, his 360 degree feedback could turn unfavorable to his cause; he may lose a possible promotion or would have to leave the organization. * Efficiency of the team could be hampered Alex’s team could crumble under constant work pressure and hostile work environment as created by Alex and would become lax or inefficient in their tasks. This might hamper the successful rebranding of the upcoming and crucial project of Nourish| Economical condition European companies entering into the American skincare a nd beauty segment. Cultural condition The takeover by a European company brought in changes in the work culture Detailed Analysis of the problem We can look at this from the perspective of Herzberg’s two factor theory,Alex Sander accounts for almost all of the context factors such as Salary, supervision, etc. , but does not satisfy the content factors of motivation which involves recognition of achievement, responsibility and advancement. The absence of these caused de-motivation amongst the team members. Alex has high task orientation but low people orientation. But he was able to prove himself with successfully re-branding two skin care products. Problems in working style of Alex * He always used to come up with the right answer without involving the team which undermined a lot of people * Aggressive in nature * Expects the same output from his reportees and thus creates stressful atmosphere at workplace. * Glass’ concerns for AlexAlex asked Glass that he wanted to g et into broader planning areas of the organization -â€Å" making strategic decisions † where he wanted to learn how the division’s products were formulated and building on that knowledge he wanted to understand the global market as well as the relative importance of the U. S. market. After a week Glass mentioned about this to Alex in a conversation where he mentioned to him that his feedback is contradicting in what he says and what he is doing. This problem was could turn into a very big challenge for Sam where he has to find ways to deal with Alex’s attitude issues which is creating a lot of problem for other team members (as reflected in some of the inputs mentioned by his own team members in feedback) as he was aware about Alex’s potential and wanted to retain him .So, he had to come up with a way to channel Alex’s talent in the right way which would ensure success for product group in the long run. Problem with 360 ° performance review This was being conducted for the first time in the organization and a lot of people in the division are not clear on how this feedback is going to help with development or performance appraisal. There is a possibility that the results will be tainted in some way or other. Even Alex was least interested about this feedback and didn’t want to waste his time on this exercise as he was aware as who would Sam ask for inputs about him. When he was hired by Sam he was asked to shake up the product team and launch products quickly. Decision Criteria and Alternative Solutions Option 1-If company fires Alex?This option is not suitable because Alex is known to bring results to the projects and at present the company is at a crucial juncture, where successful launch of Nourish is very much needed. A new hire would take up time to get adjusted to the organization culture and may not bring results as quickly as expected. Option 2- If Alex starts his own entrepreneurial project (start-up), whic h gives him complete autonomy. Alex is known to demonstrate entrepreneurial instincts and work tirelessly on his own. He expects same level of commitment and performance from his team and does not suffer inefficiencies. He might do well in his start-up initially but this is not a sustainable option because if Alex’s working style does not change; he is bound to create hostile feelings with his colleagues sooner or later.Option 3- A personality development and team building program for Alex 1. Alex should be made aware of the importance of the feedback process and needs to take his feedback in good light. 2. Alex should undergo some training in team building activities and should be encouraged to interact with his teammates more frequently. He should be trained to give some autonomy to his team and respect his fellow mates, which will result in high performance teams. 3. There should be continuous interactions between Alex and Senior level managers whereby he can take up any g rievances and also look for challenging opportunities that will keep him motivated and satisfied. RecommendationsWe recommend company should choose to go for option 3 in the light of all the pros and cons mentioned above. Even Sam Glass knew that Alex was someone who would create waves in the organization but he had hired him because Alex was a potential candidate and therefore Sam was ready to compromise on this. Agreed, Alex has attitude and behavioral issues. But nevertheless being the youngest product manager he had proved his mettle by successfully rebranding two national skin care products. These issues can be resolved if Alex undergoes some training in team building activities. He is competent enough in technical skills but lacks in attitude, which can be set right if he is mentored accordingly.

Environmental Health Essay

What is Environmental Health? Environmental health is the branch of public health that is concerned with all aspects of the natural and built environment that may affect human health. It also refers to the theory and practice of assessing and controlling factors in the environment that can potentially affect health. Environmental Health is the field of science that studies how the environment influences human health and disease. â€Å"Environment,† in this context, means things in the natural environment like air, water and soil, and also all the physical, chemical, biological and social features of our surroundings. The man-made, or â€Å"built,† environment includes physical structures where people live and work such as homes, offices, schools, farms and factories, as well as community systems such as roads and transportation systems, land use practices and waste management. Consequences of human alteration to the natural environment, such as air pollution, are also parts of the man-made environment. The social environment encompasses lifestyle factors like diet and exercise, socioeconomic status, and other societal influences that may affect health. The Media of Environmental Hazards Air, water and food are the major environmental media or vectors through which exposure to hazardous environmental agents occur. Environmental hazards †¢ The major environmental hazards and their relative importance in various environmental settings. †¢ Chemical agents: pesticides, VOC’S, and PCB’S †¢ Physical agents: ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, vibration, temperature, and noise. †¢ Biological agents: infectious and allergic disorders Interaction between hazardous exposures and humans †¢ Four characteristics critical to exposure assessment: †¢ Route ( Inhalation, Ingestion, Dermal) †¢ Magnitude (Concentration or Dose) †¢ Duration ( Minutes, Hours, Days, Lifetime) †¢ Frequency (Daily, Weekly, Monthly, Seasonally) All of the environmental media are possible exposure routes, and should be considered in a risk assessment. †¢ Humans have access to environmental toxicants by contaminated food, drinking contaminated water, and breathing contaminated air

How to Appeal a Dismissal From College

How to Appeal a Dismissal From College No one has ever entered college with the goal of being suspended or dismissed. Unfortunately, life happens.  Perhaps you simply werent quite ready for the challenges of college or the freedom of living on your own. Or maybe you encountered factors outside of your control - illness, injury, a family crisis, depression, death of a friend, or some other distraction that made college a lower priority than it needed to be. Whatever the situation, the good news is that an academic dismissal is rarely the last word on the matter. Nearly all colleges allow students to appeal a dismissal. Schools realize that your GPA doesnt tell the whole story and that there are always factors that contributed to your poor academic performance. An appeal gives you the opportunity to put your grades into context, explain what went wrong, and convince the appeals committee that you have a plan for future success. If Possible, Appeal in Person Some colleges allow written appeals only, but if you have the option of appealing in person, you should take advantage of the opportunity.  The members of the appeals committee will think you are more committed to being readmitted if you take the trouble to travel back to college to make your case. Even if the thought of appearing in front of the committee terrifies you, it is still usually a good idea. In fact, genuine nervousness and tears can sometimes make the committee more sympathetic to you. You will want to be well prepared for your meeting and follow strategies for a successful in-person appeal. Show up on time, well dressed, and by yourself (you dont want it to look as tho your parents are dragging you to your appeal). Also, be sure to think about the types of questions youre likely to be asked during an appeal. The committee will certainly want to know what went wrong, and theyll want to know what your plan is for future success. Be painfully honest when youre speaking with the committee members. They will have received information from your professors and advisors as well as student life personnel, so theyre going to know if youre holding back information. Make the Most of a Written Appeal Often in-person appeals require a written statement, and in other situations, an appeal letter is your only option for pleading your case. In either situation, your appeal letter needs to be crafted effectively.   To write a successful appeal letter, you need to be polite, humble, and honest. Make your letter personal, and address it to the Dean or the members of the committee who will be considering your appeal. Be respectful, and always keep in mind that you are asking for a favor. The appeal letter is no place to express anger or entitlement. For an example of a good letter by a student who was overwhelmed by problems at home, be sure to read Emmas appeal letter. Emma owns up to mistakes she made, summarizes the situation that led to the bad grades, and explains how she will avoid similar problems in the future. Her letter focuses on a single and serious distraction from school, and she remembers to thank the committee in her closing. Many appeals are based on situations that are more embarrassing and less sympathetic than a family crisis. When you read Jasons appeal letter, youll learn that his failing grades were the result of problems with alcohol. Jason approaches this situation the only way that is likely to be successful in an appeal: he owns up to it. His letter is honest about what went wrong and just as important, it is clear in the steps that Jason has taken that he has plans to get his problems with alcohol under control. His polite and honest approach to his situation is likely to win the sympathy of the appeals committee. Avoid Common Mistakes When Writing Your Appeal If the best appeal letters own up to the students failures in a polite and honest way, it shouldnt be a surprise that unsuccessful appeals do just the opposite. Bretts appeal letter  makes some serious mistakes beginning in the very first paragraph. Brett is quick to blame others for his problems, and rather than look in the mirror, he points to his professors as the source of his low grades. We clearly arent getting the full story in Bretts letter, and he doesnt convince anyone that he is putting in the hard work that he claims he is. What exactly has Brett been doing with his time that has led to his academic failure? The committee doesnt know, and the appeal is likely to fail for that reason. A Final Word on Appealing a Dismissal If youre reading this, youre most likely in the unenviable position of being dismissed from college. Dont lose hope of returning to school just yet. Colleges are learning environments, and the faculty and staff members on the appeals committee are fully aware that students make mistakes and have bad semesters. Your job is to show that you have the maturity to own up to your mistakes and that you have the ability to learn from your missteps and devise a plan for future success. If you can do both of these things, you have a good chance of appealing successfully. Finally, even if your appeal is not successful, realize that dismissal doesnt need to be the end of your college aspirations. Many dismissed students enroll in a community college, prove that they are capable of succeeding in college coursework, and then reapply to either their original institution or another four-year college.

Astrazeneca Branch In Bulgaria Essay Research Paper

Astrazeneca Branch In Bulgaria Essay, Research Paper Managerial Communications and Research Methods Communication Feasibility Report AstraZeneca Branch in Bulgaria Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary. 32. Our end 43. AstraZeneca..54. Bulgaria # 8211 ; Basic Facts # 8230 ; 65. Britain # 8211 ; Bulgaria # 8211 ; cultural comparing # 8230 ; 86. Recommendations for get the better ofing the differences 107. Mentions..15I. Executive SummaryThe British company AstraZeneca plans to open a representative subdivision in Bulgaria. This paper is a research about the state and cultural, and communicating manners of the Bulgarians. It points out differences between British and Bulgarian civilization and communicating manners. The troubles that may happen because of these differences are in three chief countries of communicating # 8211 ; communicating with: 1/ the clients, 2/ the Governmental Institutions and 3/ the employees. We recommend the undermentioned scheme for get the better ofing them. First, the job with the fact that the clients are hapless and our medical specialties are expensive will be overcome with a strong selling scheme. Next, a particular Project Team will take attention of the communications with the Governmental Institutions. Last, the problems that may happen between the Bulgarian employees ( directors ) and the UK Headquarters will be resolved by training.II. Our GoalWe are a British pharmaceutical company that has subdivisions and representative offices in many states around the universe. Our end is to open a representative subdivision in Bulgaria in order to sell our medical specialties on that market. We will happen more about the state and its civilization in order to place possible troubles in the communicating, generate options and happen solutions how our venture can be successful.III. AstraZenecaAstraZeneca, one of the universe s taking pharmaceutical companies, was formed in April 1999 through the amalgamation of Astra AB, Sweden, and Zeneca Group PLC, UK. AstraZeneca aims to turn from its familial place, edifice on the best from both of the amalgamation spouses. It is universe figure three in ethical pharmaceuticals.The corporate central offices are in London. AstraZeneca has a extremely exper ienced Board and Executive Management Team. The Chief Executive and his Executive Team run the company. The Chief Executive is responsible to the full AstraZeneca Board for the running of the Group. The company has more than 50,000 employees worldwide. We believe passionately in invention, people, partnerships, and duties. AstraZeneca has a strong research base and powerful merchandise portfolio, designed to contend disease in seven countries of existent medical demand malignant neoplastic disease, cardiovascular, cardinal nervous system, GI, infection, hurting control and anaesthesia, and respiratory.AstraZeneca supports a broad scope of charitable, educational and environmental enterprises at an international and local level.With worldwide presence and production installations in 20 states, AstraZeneca s relationships with the communities in which we operate are cardinal to our success. IV. Bulgaria # 8211 ; Basic Facts HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: A Slavic province, Bulgaria achieved independency in 1878 after 500 old ages of Ottoman regulation. Bulgaria fought on the losing side in both World Wars. After World War II it fell within the Soviet domain of influence. Communist domination ended in 1991 with the disintegration of the USSR, and Bulgaria began the combative procedure of traveling toward political democracy and a market economic system. In add-on to the jobs of structural economic reform, peculiarly denationalization, Bulgaria faces the serious issues of maintaining rising prices under control and unemployment, battling corruptness, and controling black-market and mafia-style crime.LOCATION: Located on the Balkan Peninsula, Bulgaria extends from the western shore of the Black Sea to Yugoslavia and Macedonia in the West. In the North, the Danube River forms the greater portion of Bulgaria # 8217 ; s common boundary line with Romania. Greece and European Turkey prevarication to the South and sou-east of Bulgaria.AREA: 110,987-sq. kilometer. ( 44,365-sq. mi. ) . Population: 8,290,988 ( July 1997 est. ) . Capital: Sofia ( dad. 1,114,759 ) . Chief Town: Plovdiv ( dad. 377,637 ) , Varna ( dad. 297,090 ) , Bourgas ( dad. 188,367 ) , and Rousse ( dad. 185,425 ) .ADMINISTRATIVE Organization: 28 territories. Conveyance: The railroad conveyance is of great significance for the state. The sea and river ( along the Danube river ) fleet take an active portion in the trade of the state. The major havens are Varna and Bourgas, and the chief Danube ports are Rousse, Lom, Svishtov, and Vidin. There is a ferryboat connexion between Vidin and Kalafat ( Romania ) . The chief airdrome is Sofia Airport.CLIMATE: temperate ; cold, moist winters ; hot, dry summersOFFICIAL Language: Bulgarian. The Bulgarian linguistic communication belongs to the South Slavic subdivision of the Slavic linguistic communications and uses the Cyrillic alphabet.NATIONAL DAY: 3 March # 8211 ; The Day of the Liberation of Bulgaria from Ottoman Rule ( 1878 ) . OFFICIAL HOLIDAYS: # 183 ; New Year s Day on January 1 # 183 ; Easter # 183 ; Labor Day on May 1 # 183 ; Saint George Day on May 6 # 183 ; The Day of the Laminitiss of the Slavonic Alphabet St. Cyril and St. Methodius on May 24 # 183 ; Unification Day on September 6 # 183 ; Independence Day on September 22 # 183 ; Christmas on December 25 Currency: Lev ( BGN ) . Currency board.LEGAL SYSTEM: Parliamentary RepublicHEAD OF STATE: Petar Stoyanov # 8211 ; President ( since 22 January 1997 ) . Cultural Group: Bulgarian 87.8 % , Turk 8.5 % , Gypsy 2.6 % , other 1.1 % .RELIGIONS: Bulgarian Orthodox 85 % , Muslim 13 % , Judaic 0.8 % , Catholic 0.7 % , and other 0.5 % . V. Britain – Bulgaria – cultural comparing Britain BulgariaLanguage English BulgarianHabits Drink beer and whisky Drink grape brandy Smoking is banned in public topographic points Smoking is non banned in public topographic points Socialize in pubs Very hospitable ; besides like to run into at caf s Bias against the quality of the Bulgarian merchandises and penchant for foreign ( western ) productsCommunication manners Have repute for being reserved in their behaviour but are sort when asked for general aid or advise ; agitate custodies when meeting, used to eye-contact Friendly ; unfastened ; used to eye-contact ; agitating custodies when meeting ; women- friends kiss each other when meetingRacial issues Protected in jurisprudence against racial favoritism The authorities policy is to incorporate all the minority groups in the society. There is a National Agency for Ethnic and Demographic Issues.Gen der issues Women are still fighting for equal chances in work and political relations. Womans have good chances at work. Homosexuality is no illegal. There are particular cheery saloon. Homosexuality is non good accepted by the public.Family Peoples tend to populate as spouses instead than merry. Partners even have the legal rights of hubby and married woman. Young people tend to populate as spouses. They can get married subsequently. Parents take attention of their kids during their whole life.Political system King and hierarchal society Building democratic society ; Bureaucratic administrative systemSociety Well represented in-between category but besides rich people ; good working societal system A batch of the people are hapless and few are really rich. The per centum of unemployment is high. VI. Recommendations for get the better ofing the differencesWe will turn to the cultural differences that can impact AstraZeneca s communications with the Bulgarians. If AstraZeneca opens a subdivision in Bulgaria it will hold to pass on with:1. Customers2. Government Institutions3. Employees1. Our clients will be the ordinary people.We develop medical specialties for malignant neoplastic disease and cardiovascular diseases. The per centum of malignant neoplastic disease and cardiovascular diseases in Bulgaria is high.AstraZeneca s medical specialties are expensive. The Bulgarian people are hapless, but willing to give money to continue their health.We suggest a strong selling and advertisement scheme with accent on the high quality of AstraZeneca s medical specialties and a batch of information about the strong research base of the company. This advertisement together with the prejudice of the Bulgarians against the quality of the local merchandises will increase our opportunities of success. The figure below shows the inclinations in the pharmaceutical market for the last twelvemonth. The import is bigger compared with the market of the local production. Bulgarian P harmaceutical market ( 01.01.1999 01.01.2000 ) The physicians, the pharmaceuticss, the infirmaries and the freshly established National Insurance Fund can make the ordinary people. We recommend the selling section to construct up those communications ( see figure on page 13 ) . 2. Governmental InstitutionsAstraZeneca will hold to work with The National Drug Institute in order to license company s merchandises and enter the market of Bulgaria. The Institute is a province establishment. Corruptness and bureaucratism are identified as the greatest jobs in the province establishments. Our advice is the constitution of a Project Team whose chief undertaking will be to measure the state of affairs and to bring forth solutions for developing healthy communications with this establishment. The Drug enrollment section will spread out those communications in the hereafter ( see figure on page 13 ) .The cardinal office of the subdivision should be in the capital Sofia. This will assist in the communications with the authorities establishments, which are chiefly based in Sofia.3. EmployeesAstraZeneca would wish to use Bulgarians in the new subdivision using its corporate policy of belief in people and duties through holding local staff in each state. This will be good for the company because the Bulgarians are good educated and difficult working. We think that the linguistic communication differences will non be a barrier to the communicating because most of the immature people in Bulgaria speak English as a 2nd linguistic communication. There should be a common working agenda to get the better of the fluctuations in the holidays.The communicating procedure between AstraZeneca staff and the Bulgarian employees will be facilitated by the unfastened and friendly nature of the Bulgarians. We anticipate that the Bulgarians will hold troubles with the reserved British manner of communicating. To get the better of this job we suggest that the directors in the Bulgarian subdivis ion, who will hold direct communicating with our central offices, to be people who have received their instruction in Britain or have worked in a similar international environment. If there are still misinterpretations our recommendation is to develop the directors in the UK Headquarters. In that manner they will go familiar with the corporate policy and will hold a opportunity to develop personal relationships. On the land of the above analysis we suggest that the new subdivision should hold the undermentioned construction: VI. References1. englishculture.about.com2. www.astrazeneca.com3. www.bba.bg4. www.bcci.bg5. www.bfia.org6. www.bulgaria-embassy.org7. www.business-europa.co.uk/bsmenu.html8. www.google.com9. www.ndi.bg400.bg10. www.open.gov.uk11. Analyzing and populating in Britain: A usher for international pupils and visitants ( 1997 ) . The British Council 344