Music History Essay

Music, as is commonly said, is a general language. In contrast to tongues, music can be comprehended by numerous sans, the verses verbally expressed in an alternate nation. The basic murmuring of a kid, done in for the most part minor harmonies, can cause everybody to feel somewhat passionate or miserable. A glad tune loaded up with trumpets, saxophones and vivacious guitar tabs can make individuals energized and get them all to move. Music can join individuals paying little mind to their age, sexual orientation and race, which is the reason it is viewed as an all inclusive language. During Those Time The historical backdrop of music goes back before the 1800s, however that is just to put a lawful timetable to the advancement of music. Since music is general, it is then protected to state that it has begun even in the start of the world. The primary individuals, or the main creatures, besides, relied upon sounds that make up a structure loaded up with designs that were handily recalled, which passed on a significance and caused individuals to do things like chase for food, recognize where the predator or the prey is, or go where they ought to go. Music was a sign and an image that spoke to something (Murray, 2004, p. 773). Actually, however, music before the 1800s existed as of now, in an increasingly specialized feeling of the idea. Music was then not only an assortment of various sounds. It turned into an investigation where individuals explored about it. During the eighteenth century, the book entitled History of Music was composed and distributed by GB Martini. Its unique title was Storia Della Musica. Different books trailed GB Martin’s, and among the numerous books that were distributed after the first were De Cantu de Musica Sacra and Scriptores Ecclesiastici de Musica Sacra. The kinds of music being contemplated, during these occasions, were delegated consecrated music (Murray, 2004, p. 773). During 1800-1950, the development of music can be seen and melodic history was by and large increasingly characterized. It didn’t take too long when Johannes Wolf began to accomplish more investigations about music, explicitly the kind of sound that developed during the Medieval and the Renaissance times. Musicologists relied much upon the examinations directed by Johannes Wolf. Along these lines, a part of craftsmanship called verifiable musicology was named and created. This part of study turned into a noteworthy piece of the Baroque music. It likewise turned into an instrument to the improvement of music during the Medieval and the Renaissance period. Specifically, the development of unique execution has a great deal to do with the grant related with the historical backdrop of music. Musicology turned into a major piece of human expressions, and turned out to be increasingly more evolved as time cruised by. It before long turned into a field of study. Therefore, diaries, explores, articles and new investigations are being created to stretch them out through and through, so as to deliver more examinations to be distributed. Music was as a rule increasingly characterized as years passed by, and it was spreading like fire everywhere throughout the world (Murray, 2004, p. 773). Antiquated Music To comprehend the historical backdrop of music and how it transforms, it is then best to utilize an order to clarify the new development. First there was old music. This sort of music mirrors all the kinds of music that created in the various pieces of the globe, similar to Mesopotamia, Egypt, Rome, Greece, China, India and Persia. Truth be told, music was at that point famous and wealthy in nations like Rome, Greece and Mesopotamia. Whatever was perceptible to the individuals were portrayed through essential scales and tones, and afterward came music. Music spread from the beginning of time through frameworks, either composed or oral (West, 1994, p. 13). The meaning of antiquated music varies every now and then due to how much music is now spinning, and is constantly rotating. Today, on the off chance that one characterizes antiquated music, he can say that it is the advanced sound that despite everything takes after whatever is society and customary in that nation. Today, there are present day sounds that Muslims, Egyptians, Jews, Asians, Persians, and Indians produce, yet at the same time has not abandoned the most seasoned and generally essential of unique old music (West, 1994, p. 13). Persia, for instance, woodwind, lute and guitars were at that point being played. Strict ceremonies were not finished in Persia without music. Music was noteworthy in the lives of the Persians, particularly in their profound life. It was in Mesopotamia where the primary hints of composing were seen. It was a similar time when specialists and students of history followed directions for music. The follows were fragmentary, however the specialists were certain that there was music during this time in this spot. Truth be told, music was in made in thirds with regards to concordance. The sizes of the melodic pieces delivered were even diatonic (Leichtentritt, 2007, p. 14). Up right up 'til today, however, how the analysts can decipher the images in the old Mesopotamia is certainly not a hundred percent clear. There are still debates that presently can't seem to be examined and settled. The translation of the images stays to be obscure. However, one thing is certain; all the documentations made on the cuneiform tablets were plainly that of the tunings and strings of an instrument called a lyre. It was additionally during this time when harps were created and turned into a major piece of the historical backdrop of music (Leichtentritt, 2007, p. 14). In India, antiquated music was likewise dynamic. Indians were consistently eager with regards to the kind of instrument they were playing. Instruments were all around India. This can be demonstrated by how much instruments were amassed from the Indus valley human advancement. Archeological locales can demonstrate all these. Indians had types of music that incorporates Samaveda, Rigveda and Samagana. Their music was described from psalms, sections and songs. It was in strict ceremonies where music was utilized the most. Indian music had fundamental fixings to make a sound â€Å"Indian. † During the initial segment of a melody, Shadja is constantly settled. The grama, for this situation, is being characterized. Grama is the Indian expression for the note of the scale. Indian music likewise lives by the two standards of consonance, which includes Avinashi and Avilopi. Avinashi is a basic note that ought to consistently be available in a melodic piece, and with Avilopi it implies that the note ought to never show signs of change, and that it ought to consistently remain there in that specific music piece, as indicated by Leichtentritt (2007, p. 14). Greek’s music has advanced through time. The Greeks have unique melodic documentation style. They built up their own, regardless of how strong it is. While the facts demonstrate that the best artists in Greece didn't really utilize their melodic documentations delivered initially, it can't be precluded that a great deal from claiming Romans Greeks despite everything utilization of that unique melodic documentation. Greek music was not actually monophonic, in spite of the fact that this was nearly settled with their style of music (West, 1994, p. 13). There was in every case something other than a note to be sounded at a comparable time. Twofold funnels and pack pipes were for the most part utilized. These can be demonstrated likewise by the old drawings seen on the containers and the dividers of Greece. Indeed, even the most seasoned Greek books had writers who had the option to depict what distinctive melodic strategies were being utilized during these occasions. Twofold woodwinds were likewise mainstream in Greece (West, 1994, p. 13). Center Eastern After the Ancient music came the Middle Eastern music. Center Eastern music was wealthy in that it was portrayed by various styles from various areas. At the point when one goes to the Middle East, there are various sorts of music that can be seen, as â€Å"zajal, Turkish people music, Turkish traditional music, sha’abi, Sufi music, rapbesk, rnbesk. Somali music, pizmonim, Persian society, Nubian music, mawwal, Kurdish music, Egyptian Chaabi and el-Gil, Egyptian Classical music, Berber music, Arabic Andalusian, Arabesque music, Arabic rap, Arabic pop, Algerian rai and Arabic Classical Music (Stanley, 1997, p. 126). † The Islam people group shows its incredible impact originating from the Middle East music. Actually, as the Islam utilized music in their customs, Middle Eastern music spread significantly more rapidly. The personality of Middle Eastern music is characterized from the song which is as yet present today in current Middle Eastern popular and ritualistic music (Stanley, 1997, p. 126). Old style Music advances all around the globe. In the West, music has gone far from the old style organizations of extraordinary bosses like Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, Carl Philipp Emanuel Back, and Franz Schubert to the appealing present day pop tunes of today. It’s sort of difficult to envision how music has developed from those excellent structures to the contemporary peculiar beats we tune in to today, however that just demonstrates how rapidly music changes as indicated by the necessities of the individuals (Stanley, 1997, p. 154). The Classical time frame in the West dates from around 1750 to 1820. Old style music alludes to different styles of music with establishes in the mainstream and formal European melodic customs of the ninth century. This sort of music is described by sentimental songs utilizing instruments like violins and woodwinds (Stanley, 1997, p. 154). One striking quality of traditional music is its class. This polish is accomplished by the composers’ close regard for equalization and extent. Consequently, old style music never gets out of date. Up to now, numerous individuals around the globe, regardless of whether they live in the West or not, still tune in to old style music. A few people study their structures and endeavor to reproduce traditional music utilizing present day instruments. Others basically make the most of their loosening up tunes, which may help them to focus on their undertakings or even rest better. There is even an idea called â€Å"Mozart effect†, as clarified by Stanley (1997), which says that youngsters who are presented to the old style music of the extraordinary virtuoso that is Mozart can focus more on their assignments, subsequently bringing about better execution in school. This is only one case of the newfound advantages of music that are astounding common

It Was the Most Wonderful Day of My Life Essay

It was the most brilliant day of my life! Perhaps it didn't mean a lot for others as it fell into place without a hitch for them, however for me, it was a joy. Truly, delight; I had totally lost expectation until Dr Hurree came in my life as a beam of light, illuminating my life and expelling all the murkiness which made me sob my heart out ordinary. I am ready to imagine! This next to no reality made me move a dance of delight even on the emergency clinic cot. All gratitude to Dr Hurree, I had the option to become mother in the wake of ten monotonous long periods of marriage. This very actuality filled my ears with sweet cries of children. I went distraught of satisfaction. Furthermore, my better half, he was the second generally upbeat. After a few tests directed by the specialist, we had found that I was unable to get hopeful. As my better half was the main child of his parent, my relative used to insult me as I was unable to get a beneficiary their family, I needed to beat these revolting and harming insults until today. Today no one could reveal to me anything. A few months after the fact, I was sustaining a kid in me. Being so cheerful, I overlooked the agreement I marked before working; I didn't reserve the privilege to take over one months of occasions with the exception of crises. I gravely required occasions, however for that I needed to follow through on the cost of losing my employment, my vocation, and my hard-works. As consistently , my better half upheld me to choose what satisfied me. In any case, then again, my parents in law enticed me to leave. So imagine a scenario where I lose my employment, at any rate I could bring to world my image of adoration for my significant other and I. I would forfeit my vocation , and my long periods of instruction to take great consideration of my kid. Consequently, I surrendered. During the most recent three months of pregnancy, I remained at home, complying with my relative. She currently conversed with me with undoubted love and non-abrasiveness ans I was dealt with like a girl of this house. My better half, a heavenly attendant here and there remained at home and cook my preferred dishes. I was truly spoiled. He regarded me as a princess. Every one of my wants and wishes were satisfied and I was in a condition of satisfaction each and every second. One morning as I plunged the stairway subsequent to waving farewell to my better half who was going to work, an idea entered my thoughts. I thought of his chuckling when he said that I resemble a tremendous pumpkin. I recalled my first reactions from my kid. Notwithstanding, I didn't understand that the house cleaner wiped the floor and it was tricky. Fantasizing, I missed one stage and this was the end. I passed out. I opened my eyes in the emergency clinic, and I comprehended what had occurred. I could no longer feel the bumping vibes of my child and I shouted madly. Presently, my framework had quieted down and I sobbed quietly. It was all my issue. My significant other was on his way. He knew about the unsuccessful labor. What was he experiencing? As I set down on the medical clinic cot, I viewed the TV to occupy my consideration. I viewed the news. There was a mishap not a long way from here. The casualty passed on spot. As the camera concentrated on the victim’s face, I solidified; it was my significant other! I had lost my vocation, my child and now my adoration! I felt desolate and vanquished; I was only a weight to this world!

Algorithms on Khan Academy in collaboration with Dartmouth College

Algorithms on Khan Academy in collaboration with Dartmouth College What is an algorithm? Its a sequence of steps that you follow to solve a problem. In everyday life, you might have an algorithm for hanging up your laundry, efficiently going through a shopping list, or finding an empty parking space in a lot. In computer science, an algorithm is a sequence of instructions that a computer program follows. Algorithms form the basis of the most interesting and important programs we use, such as the algorithm that Google uses to calculate driving directions, or the algorithm that Facebook uses to automatically tag you in a photo. Because algorithms are so important to computer science, they are a core part of a computer science curriculum. The AP CS A class teaches object-oriented programming with algorithms,  every college CS student will have at least one algorithms class and encounter algorithms everywhere, and every software engineer interviewing for a job will review algorithms while theyre prepping for an interview. Given how important algorithms are, we were elated when Dartmouth professors Thomas Cormen and Devin Balkcom suggested writing an online course on Algorithms, available to anyone for free, forever, on Khan Academy. If youre a college CS student, you might recognize the name Cormen - hes the C in the CLRS-authored Algorithms textbook, the most popular algorithms textbook used by college classes. Balkcom is a fellow professor at Dartmouth, and hes actually rewritten their introductory CS class, so hes an expert in teaching algorithms to new computer science students.  We worked over the summer to create an introductory Algorithms class thats highly interactive. Algorithms can be hard to wrap your head around, so we have both step-by-step diagrams and interactive visualizations to explain each algorithm: We also want to give you a chance to try coding the algorithms yourself, so weve used our JavaScript coding challenge framework to write 19 challenges with unit tests (and youll have to write unit tests yourself!): Weve also sprinkled in a few quizzes, to make sure you understand concepts like asymptotic and graph notation: This curriculum covers everything youd find in an intro course - asymptotic notation, binary search, selection/insertion sort, recursion, merge/quick sort, graph representation, and breadth first search. Theres much more to cover, of course, including going more into how you can design your own algorithms, but were so excited about what we have now and how much it could help software engineers in all stages of life that we want to get it in your hands now. Please dive into the course and let us know what you think - you can leave comments beneath the articles,  or email us more detailed feedback at compsci-feedback@khanacademy.org. Thank you again to Thomas Cormen, Devin Balkcom, and their supporting staff at Dartmouth  for making this Algorithms class a possibility. Posted by Pamela Fox, Khan Academy.

The Rise Of The Industrial Revolution - 1464 Words

â€Å"If I had asked people what they wanted, they would have said faster horses,† said Henry Ford. The Industrial Revolution was a stage in the evolution of human society in which a lot of change was effected, not only because of all the new technology being invented, but in the structure of society. As people started to stand up for their rights and rejecting the long-standing institution of wealth determining status, the Old Regime had to adapt. France’s Constitution of 1791 had one law that classified all adult male citizens in â€Å"active† and â€Å"passive† citizens. Wealth being the deciding factor as to who was allowed to become an active citizen. Two years later, as the revolution forced the government to become more and more egalitarian, another constitution was passed introducing universal manhood suffrage. It was only the beginning (Lindemann, p.23) The Industrial Revolution is sometimes mistaken for a time of complete revolt and sudden change. 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Industrial revolution had a significant impact in the process by making new demands that shaped the way of life through increased competition and technological innovation. Generally, it was a historical period that sparked in a stroke a number numerous changes in the economic, social and political dimensions. It is consideredRead Morefactors that contributed to the rise and development of sociology1511 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay serves to outline the factors that contributed to the rise of sociology and the latter`s development. In simply terms, sociology is the scientific study of the society and human behavior. The emergence of sociology traces back to the eighteenth century up to present day. Johnson (1998) suggests that in summary, the rise and development of sociology is based on political, economic, demographic, social and scien tific changes. Ritzer (2008) asserts that the immediate cause for the beginning

Children With Special Needs Children - 1634 Words

â€Å"She looks so normal†, this is a typical response that a mother often hears about her child with special needs. â€Å"Special† is a term that is described as â€Å"different†. Some people may look at a child with special needs and feel sympathy while others lack the knowledge. For my child development class, I was assigned to conduct an interview with a mother who has a special needs child. I was one of the many that lack knowledge of special needs children because I did not know what this mother had to face. While doing this interview I have learned that it takes a special person to take care of a special child. This child has a disease called NOMID, which stands for neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease, this disease causes inflammation and tissue damage affecting the nervous system, skin, and joint. This interview has taught me that some parents will face many difficulties while raising a special needs child, but they will do whatever it takes t o help the child overcome challenges that they may face everyday. On January 20, 2016 I interviewed Jasmine, a good friend of mine about her daughter Emily that has special needs. She discussed the many challenges she has had to face. This interview took place in Victorville, where she lives with her husband and Emily, for about two hours long. Jasmine and I were the only two people in the house while this interview was taking place, allowing her to express herself more comfortably with me. Jasmine also has two older daughters,Show MoreRelatedChildren With Special Needs For Children1842 Words   |  8 PagesChildren with special needs require much care and a lot of their parent’s attention. 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The biggest thing I have learned from music Free Essays

In â€Å"The Art of Eating Spaghetti,† Russel Baker’s discovered his passion to become a writer. Wrting was the only talent and it was the only outlet for him to find who he is. If there was one thing that I’ve noticed that has changed me, that is music. We will write a custom essay sample on The biggest thing I have learned from music or any similar topic only for you Order Now Before I got into music, I was someone completely different. But then about 10 years ago, I finally bought my first music CD; it was a soundtrack to the movie, Crow: City of Angels. That day, something just clicked in me, like a missing piece of a puzzle. After that, while my sister was at school, every chance I got I went into her already extensive music collection and began listening to more and more music. It was essentially a snowball effect from there. I just kept getting my hands on more and more music until I’ve amassed currently almost 500 albums. Much of my personality changed as well. It changed many of the ways I looked at the world because I started hearing so many more perspectives on it through the music. Instead of just a visual representation I had grown up with, I now had an audio representation of the world. So many ways of translation just coming straight to me through my ears. My views just broadened up so much and I started to accept much more into my life. I used to never like change. If I was at a restaurant, I’d get only what I absolutely knew I would like. Music made me to become much more experimental as it opened my eyes and helped me become much more acceptable of change and trying new things. I would say that’s the biggest thing I have learned from music. Is the prospect of how beautiful things can become if looked at in more than one way. Music showed this to me and taught me a way to be able to finally express it. I used to have such a hard time expressing myself, but music became my avenue for expression. Now whatever effects me, it can show in my work, and the music I write. Again, music taught me how to accept change, and also to become more passionate. Well it kind of goes hand in hand to me, as expression leads to passion, and vice versa. I tried to do that with art, but it just never fully took me the way music did. I’ve grown and changed more from music than anything else in my entire life. If you knew me ten years ago, you wouldn’t even know me anymore. It’s funny how much some of the most simple things to some people, can be so complex and life changing to others. But thankfully, I was fortunate enough to discover music, because I ca n’t imagine anymore the way I was. Now my world is so much more open to interpretation in ways I never thought possible before. Music would probably be the first drug I can say I ever discovered. When I listened to that movie soundtrack for the first time, listening to all those great bands, I just felt such a rush like nothing I ever felt before. It was insane to me. That cd was a gateway for me to bigger and better music. A lot of music is just music to me, thats all, I still enjoy it, but some bands and soundtracks are something else. My prime example is Tool. When I first heard their song called â€Å"Third Eye†, I learned that music carried no boundaries. This was music unlike any rock I’ve ever heard before. It was so intricate as it went on. So many parts to the song that sound nothing alike, but they mesh together like a beautiful tapestry. Parts are peaceful and beautiful, and parts are a tempest of intruments, and each section rung a note inside me, just taking me someplace else entirely when I closed my eyes. Its like, behind my eyelids, I could see what the singer was seeing as he sa ng his heart out. The first time this ever happened to me, I could remember vividly like I was on a sandy desert, but it wasn’t hot, it was rather cool and the sky was pinkish. And there were pools of water all over the place, like it just rained for hours, and inside the sand, there were black shiny stones everywhere scattered. After that happened to me, I been hooked on Tool ever since. No music has had a more profound effect on me before that day. Man, if anything can make a grown woman feel like a little child that is so excited before christmas, that is Tool for me. So overall, music has showed me how much more there is in the world besides what we see everyday. The eyes are just one sense, and the ears can tell just as much about the world as the eyes. The world just appears more beautiful when you can see deeper inside of it. You have to see the abstract of something to truly appreciate it for how beautiful it is. How to cite The biggest thing I have learned from music, Papers

Overpopulation Essays (949 words) - Demography, Population Ecology

Overpopulation Overpopulation October 12, 1999 marks the day when the worlds population supposedly reached six billion. Many humanitarians and ecologists worry that soon the planets population will become too big for our food production and resources to support. With the current population growth rate, the total population in the year 2050 is estimated to be between 7.3 and 10.7 billion (Kluger, The Big Crunch 47). Soon the Congress of the United States will vote on whether to restore $60 million of U.S. taxpayer funding over the next two years for the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). The United Nations Population Fund, for the past 30 years, has been involved with brutal population control programs such as Chinas genocidal one-couple, one-child policy. However, using taxpayer money to fund these programs is a total waste of time, money, and energy. The world is not overpopulated; thus, population control is unnecessary, it is also unethical and anti-religious beliefs. Population control presents several problems for a country. The Philippines, for example, has an artificial birth control program, instated by the government and funded by UNFPA. The people of the Philippines, consisting mainly of Catholics and Muslims, are taxed to pay for this program. Because of its nature, contraception must be paid for every year, in increasing amounts. Over 20 years from 1970 to 1990, it has cost our people over three billion pesos (P3,000,000,000), but has not significantly achieved its self-assigned goals of reducing poverty or improving quality of life. This is because artificial contraception is incapable of accomplishing those goals. It is powerless in removing the yoke of poverty from our people. It is impotent in improving the lot of victims of economic inequity, which is the real cause of poverty, says Antonio B. de los Reyes (http://www.pop.org/students/cbreyes.html). Contraception, a mild form of population control, goes against the grain of Filipinos, who traditionally respect life, and see children not only as resources for production, nor only as means of security for the future, but also as blessings from God and expressions of gratitude to Him. American propaganda and aid policy have portrayed this pro-life orientation as anti-development, and the contraceptive establishment has gradually infiltrated into Filipino minds fewer children mean more happiness. Yet the impotence of past national governments in mobilizing the people's labor resources, and its squandering of the nation's capital assets, were the real problems. Why should we change our positive values to make amends for incompetence and corruption? Children are God's gifts to us. Should we sacrifice them to make up for the failures of our political and economic leaders (http://www.pop.org/students/cbreyes.html)? The contraceptive program's management machinery is a nightmare. It fields 2,500 full-time workers, supports 50,000 subsidized volunteers, and retains a coordinating staff of over 300 with vague managerial responsibilities. These do not include the numerous clinic personnel in the Department of Health's bureaucratic network, and hundreds of private agencies, which opportunistically mushroomed from the outpouring of foreign funds. While POPCOM's field force is among the best-trained and qualified government workers, the disarray at central management level renders it impotent. If this whole network were channeled instead into the government's livelihood program, these well-trained government workers would most likely be more productive and more professionally trained (http://www.pop.org/students/cbreyes.html). Aside from the many problems population controls causes, it is unnecessary. The world can feed its people. Despite the concerns expressed, the food situation has improved dramatically for most of the world's consumers. World output of cereals, the main food source for most consumers, has increased by 2.7 percent per annum since 1950 while population has grown by about 1.9 percent per annum. Cereal yields alone have increased more rapidly than world population since 1950at 2.24 percent per annum. This has allowed per capita calorie consumption in developing countries to increase by about 27 percent since the early 1960s (http://www.pop.org/students/feed.html). The whole world's population could fit in the state of Texas and very comfortably indeed. Everyone, including the poorest of the poor, would enjoy living conditions/housing conditions that are now only available to the wealthiest of people. The land area of Texas is some 262,000 square miles, and current UN estimates of the world's population (for 12 October 1999) are about 6 billion. If the square miles are converted into square

Artificial Selection in Plants

Artificial Selection in Plants In the 1800s, Charles Darwin, with some help from Alfred Russel Wallace, first came up with his Theory of Evolution. In this theory, for the first time that had been published, Darwin proposed an actual mechanism for how species changed over time. He called this idea natural selection. What Is Natural Selection? Basically, natural selection means individuals with the favorable adaptations for their environments would survive long enough to reproduce and pass down those desirable traits to their offspring. Eventually, the unfavorable characteristics would no longer exist after many generations and only the new, favorable adaptation would survive in the gene pool. This process, Darwin hypothesized, would take very long periods of time and several generations of offspring in nature. When Darwin returned from his voyage on the HMS Beagle where he first developed his theory, he wanted to test his new hypothesis and turned to artificial selection to gather that data. Artificial selection is very similar to natural selection since its aim is to accumulate favorable adaptations to create a more desirable species. However, instead of letting nature take its course, evolution is helped along by humans who choose the traits that are desirable and breed individuals possessing those characteristics to create offspring that have those traits. Experiments With Artificial Selection Charles Darwin worked with breeding birds and could artificially select various characteristics such as beak size and shape and color. He showed that he could change the visible features of the birds to show certain traits, much like natural selection would do over many generations in the wild. Artificial selection does not only work with animals, however. There is also a great demand for artificial selection in plants in the present time. Perhaps the most famous artificial selection of plants in biology is the origin of Genetics when Austrian monk Gregor Mendel bred pea plants in his monastery’s garden to collect all of the data that began the entire field of Genetics. Mendel was able to cross-pollinate the pea plants or let them self-pollinate depending on what traits he wished to see in the offspring generation. By doing an artificial selection of his pea plants, he was able to figure out many of the laws that govern the genetics of sexually reproducing organisms. For centuries, humans have been using artificial selection to manipulate the phenotypes of plants. Most of the time, these manipulations are meant to produce some sort of aesthetic change in the plant that is pleasing to look at for their tastes. For instance, flower color is a large portion of artificially selecting for the plant’s traits. Brides planning their wedding day have a special color scheme in mind, and flowers that match that scheme are important to bringing their imagination to life. Florists and flower producers can use artificial selection to create blends of colors, different color patterns, and even leaf coloring patterns on their stems to get the desired results. Benefits of Artificial Selection in Plants Around Christmas time, poinsettia plants are popular decorations. The colors of poinsettias can range from a deep red or burgundy to a more traditional bright red for Christmas, to white, or a mixture of any of those. The colored part of the poinsettia is actually a leaf and not a flower, but artificial selection is still used to get the desired color for any given plant. Artificial selection in plants is not just for pleasing colors, however. Over the last century, artificial selection has been used to create new hybrids of crops and fruit. For instance, corn can be bred to be larger and thicker in the cobs to increase grain yield from a single plant. Other notable crosses include broccoflower (a cross between broccoli and cauliflower) and a tangelo (the hybrid of a tangerine and a grapefruit). The new crosses create a distinctive flavor of the vegetable or fruit that combines properties of their parents.

Birthday Customs and Traditions in Germany

Birthday Customs and Traditions in Germany Many people, both young and old, love celebrating their birthday. In Germany, like in most countries around the world, cake, presents, family, and friends bring in the fun for such a special day. In general, birthday customs in Germany are similar to American birthday celebrations, with a few peculiar exceptions sprinkled here and there throughout German-speaking countries. German Birthday Customs and Traditions(Deutsche Geburtstagsbruche und Traditionen) Never wish a German a happy birthday before their birthday. It is considered bad luck to do so. There are no well-wishes, cards or presents given before a German’s birthday. Period. On the other hand, if you live in certain parts of Austria, it is customary to celebrate your birthday on the eve of. If somebody in Germany invites you out for their birthday, the tab is on them. And don’t try insisting on paying for yourself - it won’t work. If you live in northern Germany and happen to be single going on thirty, a few chores may be expected from you. If you’re female, your friends will want you to clean a few doorknobs for them with a toothbrush! If you’re male, then you’ll most likely be sweeping the stairs of town hall or some other busy public place.There is a way to be freed from such menial tasks, however - by a kiss from someone of the opposite sex. Of course, if you dont want to be so mean to your friend, there are alternatives. For instance, the doorknob chore is sometimes executed by having the birthday girl clean a series of doorknobs attached to a wooden board instead, right at her party and not in public. But you cant let them off so easy; it is also tradition to comically dress the birthday girl and boy as they perform their tasks. Other birthday customs include: 16th Birthday: This birthday child should run for cover as his or her friends will undoubtedly pour flour on top of his or her head. Common in northern Germany.18th Birthday: Cracking eggs over the head of someone turning 18.25th Birthday: Once again, if you are an unmarried man, the whole town will know! A Sockenkranz, a type of garland of socks is strung outside the home and around the birthday boy’s property leading to his party. As he follows the garland of socks, he’ll down an alcoholic drink every few meters. Why socks? In German, you have the expression alte Socke (an old sock), more of a derogatory way of saying confirmed bachelor.† A similar experience awaits unmarried women turning this age. They follow a garland of cigarette cartons instead (or other similar-sized cartons if they are non-smokers). These single women are nicknamed eine alte Schachtel (an old box), similar in meaning to old maid. Geburtstagskranz These are beautifully decorated wooden rings that usually contain ten to twelve holes, one for each year of life as a child. Some families opt to light candles in such Geburtstagskrnze instead of on the cake, though blowing out candles on a birthday cake is frequently observed in Germany as well. A bigger Lebenskerze (life candle) is put in the center of these rings. In religious families, these Lebenskerzen are given at the time of the child’s christening.

Billys Method of Accomplishing His Goals in the Movie Money Ball Essay

Billys Method of Accomplishing His Goals in the Movie Money Ball - Essay Example This paper illustrates that organizational behavior is important in fostering and maintaining cordial organizational relationships. It helps in improving relations between management and the employees. Furthermore, it is important in helping the leader of the organization understand what motivates his or her employees to work in certain ways. Understanding the basis of motivation leads to the management getting things done easily and through delegation of duties. Also, the understanding organizational behavior is imperative in the sense that it helps in understanding organizational life. The different people and workers who encompass the important organization. It helps in understanding them and how they relate to the organization to ensure peaceful and meaningful coexistence. Billy uses a method that is unique in the accomplishment of his intended goals and the goals of his baseball team. This method recognizes that his team does not have the financial muscle and might to compete wi th the big financially well-off teams. Despite that fact, Billy uses a new method to study players who have been overlooked and unappreciated due to varying degrees of problems among others. The inability of the Billy’s Oakland Athletics team to acquire talent through their financial might forces him down through using other methods in acquiring the necessary talents. Billy uses a new method based on statistical analysis of players. The method was new and unheard of in the Baseball game which was started by the man Billy recruited from a meeting. The research and analytics based method helped the team to identify undervalued players from the competitive major league baseball talent pool.

Urban Water Cycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Urban Water Cycle - Essay Example Most urban centers receive their supply of water from a definite water entity such as a river, lake or a dam. The land area that surrounds the water source is its catchment. The level of cleanliness of a catchment area determines the water quality of the dam or river. A town that uses a dam or several dams as water reservoirs will receive water from rivers. In this regard, the state of the river will determine the water quality that enters the dam. The dam is the storage point for the water from rivers. It is normally built adjacent to a river to block a section of the flowing water and store it. It is from the dam that the urban population receive reliable water supply for their use. Although the water in the dam might look clear, it is not fit for human consumption yet. This is because it contains pollen, soil particles and dust. These particles contain viruses, bacteria together with several other microorganisms that can be harmful to human health. To remove these microorganisms, the water from the dam is first processed in a water treatment plant prior to its use. The water goes through some specific stages and steps at the treatment plant. Such stages include pre treatment, flocculation, filtration and chemical dosing. At the pre treatment level, a polymer called coagulant and alum is added to the water. The substances help to capture the solid particles that provide host to bacteria and viruses. The water free of the particles remains less turbid and clean. At the flocculation level, there is the removal of solid particle from the water. Mixing and circulation occurs for the solid particles captured in the pre treatment step to float on top in the form of froth. At the filtration level, the water is pumped through filters to get rid of the remaining particles. Finally, there is the addition of chlorine to get rid of the remaining microorganisms or germs, if any at the chemical dosing stage. This stage also involves the addition of fluorine for teeth prote ction and the adjustment of the pH level of the water.     After the above stages of treatment, the bulk main pipes supply carries the treated water to reservoirs allowing its distribution into smaller pipes into households. The reservoirs help the water stored to adjust with the changing demands. It also assists in the management of the pressure from users so that it flows to taps at expected speeds. Reservoirs can be either above or below the ground. The reservoirs supply water into homes through the service lines than branch from the mains pipe. After use at home, the water goes down the drain from where it enters the network of wastewater. The wastewater then flows into the sewerage system.

Strengths weaknesses and the strategy of IKEA

Strengths weaknesses and the strategy of IKEA IKEA is the worlds largest home-furnishing retailer. It was founded in 1943 by Ingvar Kamprad in Sweden. In terms of scope, IKEA is designed for the total home environment, in order to offer furnishings and fittings for every part of the home, both in- and out of doors. With the vision: To create a better everyday life for the many people, it offers a wide range of well designed, functional home furnishing products at prices so low that as many people as possible will be able to afford them. (IKEA.com). From it first store in Sweden, today, there are over 300 IKEA stores in 39 countries, with turnover in 2009 of more than à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬22.7 billion. According to Forbes Magazine, Ingvar Kamprad, now in his eighties, is the 11th-wealthiest person in the world, with a fortune estimated at U.S. $23 billion in 2010. (Mary Albon, The Sun Never Sets on IKEA, 2010). I would like to address some issues to understand more about IKEA success as follows: Since its establishment, IKEA has always taken care of people and the environment as it stated on its vision. That is the reason why in manufacturing process, IKEA tries its best to have a better use of both raw materials and energy. They even have a brochure presenting a brief overview of how the IKEA groups work to in a high sense of responsibility to people and environment. We also can easily see how much they concern people and the environment by knowing IKEA stakeholders. Like other business organisations, the stakeholders who have high power and high interest are Inter IKEA system BV, investors and customers. However to me the most impressive and important stakeholders of IKEA are environmental organisations of which IKEA Group also is a member such as: BCI, Better Cotton Initiative, aims to promote measurable improvements in the key environmental and social impacts of cotton cultivation worldwide. (IKEA.com) Building and Wood Workers International (BWI) is the Global Union Federation of democratic and free trade unions, protecting more than 12 million members in 350 trade unions around the world in the building, building materials, wood, forestry and allied industries. IKEA and BWI meet frequently to exchange experience and discuss working conditions and social responsibility. (IKEA.com) The IKEA Group is member of BSR and has an representative on the board is a global, non-profit organization that helps member companies achieve business success while respecting ethical values, people, communities and the environment. BSR provides information, tools, training and advisory services to make corporate social responsibility an integral part of business operations and strategies. (IKEA.com) Clean Cargo Working Group (CCWG) which is working to promote sustainable product transportation. (IKEA.com) European Retailers Round Table (ERRT) which is Focus for activities include consumer protection, food safety, environmental issues, corporate social responsibility and trade issues Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) (IKEA.com) Refrigerants Naturally is a United Nations initiative acting as a catalyst, advocate, educator and facilitator to promote the wise and sustainable development of the global environment. (IKEA.com) The Network for Transport and Environment (NTM), aiming to establish a common base of values on how to calculate the environmental performance of various modes of transport (IKEA.com) And IKEA also is the partner of: IKEA Foundation and UNICEF are long term partners working together on both a global and local level (IKEA.com) WWF and IKEA co-operate on projects which focus on sustainable forestry, sustainable cotton production and climate change (IKEA.com) During working and sharing experience with these organizations, IKEA not only has better knowledge about social responsibilities but also has built its reputation of being green. In 2010 and beyond, the world economy would be a key issue to impact Ikeas business. IKEA and other companies in the world had to face the worse economic situation since many decades as its financial sector was deeply in crisis and then the global economy was felt into the depth of recession. The world economic growth reached only 1.1 % if compared to about 5% in previous years (VietnamPlus and World Economy, n.d). However, the world economy improved in 2010 with the economic growth increased to 4.2% as the economy of the United States of America is expected to grow by 2.1 per cent in 2010, following an estimated downturn of 2.5 per cent in 2009. Recovery in both the European Union (EU) and Japan is projected to be much weaker, reaching GDP growth of no more than 0.5 and 0.9 per cent, respectively, in 2010. At this pace of recovery, the major developed economies are not expected to provide a strong impetus to global growth in the near term (World Economic Situation and Prospects 2010 Global outlook, p.2). Nevertheless, the UN stresses that the recovery is uneven and conditions for sustained growth remain Fragile. In 2010, global growth will remain below potential and unemployment will stay high ( p.1 ). Though the situation was still difficult because fewer people have moved home but the company sales increased 7.7% in 2010 compared to fiscal year 2009 is surprised outcome. The company also faces increased competition of other competitors all over the world. For example, it is ddifficult to sustain good design quality products at low cost when the number of competitors keep increasing e.g. In the US, Kmart, Target Corp, Fly in France and Japan Nitori Co in Japan (Ikea case study). In particular sales case, competition cut Ikea sales in UK as profits dropped to  £17 million to August 2009, according to documents filed at Companies House last week. Sales fell 1.4 per cent to  £1.23 billion. The company has reported falling profits for five years and falling sales for three years in Britain. Ikea has come under increasing pressure from DIY retailers that are selling more home furnishings, as well as growing competition from supermarkets (Neil Craven, daily mail, n.d) IKEA is positioning as a cost leader of home furnishing retailers. Ikea states firmly its market position by a statement that Your partner in better living. We do our part, you do yours. Together we save money (Ikea Portal, Student Info, n.d). It is clear to see that IKEA is regarded as low price products with high quality by using inexpensive materials in a novel way and minimizing production, distribution and retail costs, customers benefit from low prices. This cost leadership has been making IKEA differently from other competitors. Due to high inflation increasing every year, it is hard to find any other companies who can announce that last year our price is 8.99 euros, this year 4.90 euros or 10 year ago 260 euros, today 169 euros (Ikea Welcome inside 2010, p.20). Ikea has been making it for many decades. Low prices are one of the cornerstones of the IKEA concept and help to make customers want to buy from IKEA. This low price strategy is coupled with a wide range of well designed, functional products. IKEAs products cater for every lifestyle and life stage of its customers, who come from all age groups and types of households. This is vital in times when the retail sector is depressed, as it increases IKEAs potential market. While the price of other companies products tends to rise over time, Ikea says it has reduced its retail prices by a total of about 20 percent during the past four years. Ikeas corporate mantra is Low price with meaning. The goal is to make things less expensive without ever making customers feel cheap. Striking that balance demands a special kind of design, manufacturing, and distribution expertise. But IKEA pulls it off in its own distinctive way: tastefully, methodically, even cheerfully, and yet somehow differently than any other company anywhere. Lisa Magonelly therefore presents guide to how IKEA designs, builds, and distributes the furniture that the entire world wants to buy. Based on low prices strategy, IKEAs segmentation is targeting to young low and middle-income family who are willing to do a little bit of work serving themselves, transporting the items home and assembling the furniture for a better price. IKEA offers customer experiencing in actively involve in shopping at its stores. Definitely, customers involvement contributes to IKEA low prices. To explore the successful of the IKEA, analyzing its opportunities and threats is an essential. Before looking at the opportunities of IKEA, we can come over its strengths. First of all, Brand is one of the most important that IKEA has. It is already a global brand therefore it will be a very attracted factor to customers because it like a promise to customers that where ever they are, they will be provided the same quality. Second strength is its vision to create a better everyday life for many people. The concept that offers a wide rage of well designed and functional home furnishing products at the inexpensive prices is the third strength. Fourth is the sustainability is fully-integrated into all business strategies.   The IKEAs strengths bring its opportunities, especially in this dedicate, people more and more care a bout a sustainable environment. By caring about environment, people will care about Green products and IKEA has reputation of being green so that its products will be their choices. IKEA shows their care about environment clearly on its statement: Each and every one of our business strategies whether local, national or global must now clearly and systematically integrate sustainability as a part of everyday operations.   I see this as a milestone. It will help us move forward in our relentless work with the many challenges we have to solve on our route to becoming a sustainable company. (Greeneconomics.com) As a member of number of environmental organizations enables IKEA to work with sustainability in different ways: IKEA reduced overall CO2 emissions by 5% in FY 2009.   The company plans on participating in the Greenhouse Gas Protocol in 2010. (Greeneconomics.com) The company has a pilot program with select suppliers to reduce energy consumption by 30% or more by 2011. (Greeneconomics.com) IKEA has also started four new climate change projects with the WWF, which will focus on measuring supply chain emissions, helping our customers tackle climate change through transport initiatives, reducing emissions from IKEA food product transport, and improving the reuse and recycling of used products. (Greeneconomics.com) One climate change project is to install solar panels in 150 of its stores, with the long-term goal of supplying all buildings with 100% renewable energy. (Greeneconomics.com) Because of the economic downturn, customers tend to be looking for products with low prices than expensive one. The excellent thing to be come IKEA customer is you can buy good things with well designed and good quality but inexpensive prices. It means that, even the economic crisis, the demands for IKEA products still raising and the turnover also high more than à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬22.7 billion in 2009 (Mary Albon, The Sun Never Sets on IKEA, 2010). However the strengths and opportunities of IKEA can also drive the organisation to its weaknesses. IKEA with hundreds stores in different countries is really hard to control the quality as well as the standard of the products and services. The low cost is a strength however in the management aspects it is not easy to control the low cost but keep the standard of quality in the same time. The threats that IKEA is facing are: The competition in the retails market: there are more and more organsations have strategy of producing products with high quality with reasonable prices. They will become competitors of IKEA so this will be one of the main factors can impact to IKEA. The economics down turn in 2010 and will continues in 2011 makes the disposable income decrease but the living expense is rising. This will definitely affect the business operation of IKEA. By analyzing these factors IKEA can have plan to reduce the threats and take advantage of the opportunities.

Too Much Technology

What are the some of the arguments for and against the use of digital media? Technology has both positive and negative sides. Positive opinion about technology as we are able to find many sources of information quickly and easily as well as saving production cost. Technology that is negative opinion can influence our behavior, destroy our way of thinking, and the more severe impact of computer technology is also able to give rise to a number of diseases. 2.How might the brain affected by constant digital media usage? Digital media would greatly help us in the world as well as other technologies. However, if used continuously can cause health problems. Vision problems continued to decline also occur when using the computer for too long. Besides, the new studies suggest that digital technologies are damaging our ability to think clearly and focus. 3. Do you think these arguments outweigh the positives of digital media usage? Why or why not? As for me, I think the above is indeed the ne gative side of technology.However, in the orld of technology such as current location, we will have to use the technology so that we can continue to survive and not lose against our competitors. 4. What additional concerns are there for children using digital media? Should children under 8 use computers and cellphones? Why or why not? I think children under eight years old can use digital media, such as a computer or cellular phone. So they are able to advance digital media, and we hope that when they grow up, they are not stiff again using digital media. Of course parents should control their children by using it overtime. Too Much Technology By lulsfrfr

10 preguntas frecuentes sobre visa no inmigrante EE.UU.

Las visas no inmigrante para EE.UU. generan toda clase de dudas. Aquà ­ se da respuesta a las 10 preguntas mà ¡s frecuentes. Las visas no inmigrante comprende varios tipos de visados entre los que se encuentran las de turista y negocios (B), estudiante (F y M), intercambio (J), trabajo (H), habilidades especiales (O), artistas y deportistas (P), inversià ³n (E), periodistas (I), miembros de tripulacià ³n (C), trabajadores de organizaciones internacionales (G), religiosos (R) y otras. Las visas no inmigrante son temporales Las visas no inmigran tienen una validez por un tiempo concreto, que se especifica en la propia visa. Se diferencian de la visa de inmigrante en que esta à ºltima se convierte en una tarjeta de residencia permanente, tambià ©n conocida como green card, cuando el titular de la visa llega a un puesto de control migratorio de EE.UU. e ingresa al paà ­s. La tarjeta de residencia permanente da derecho a vivir y a trabajar en EE.UU. de por vida. Ademà ¡s, su titular podrà ­a solicitar la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense a los tres o a los cinco aà ±os de haber adquirido el estatus de resiente. Tiempo validez de visa y tiempo permitido de estancia En las visas no inmigrante no debe nunca confundirse el tiempo de validez de la visa con el tiempo permitido de estancia en EE.UU. Por ejemplo, las visas de turista, conocidas en algunos paà ­ses como de placer o paseo, se emiten con carà ¡cter general por 10 aà ±os. Sin embargo, y tambià ©n como regla general, la estancia permitida en cada entrada es de 180 dà ­as o menos. La autorizacià ³n exacta puede verificarse en el I-94, registro de entrada y salida. En otras categorà ­as de visas no inmigrante, el tiempo de estancia autorizado dependen de que se sigan cumpliendo los requisitos de la visa. Una vez que se terminan, el titular de la visa debe salir de EE.UU. inmediatamente o dentro de su periodo de gracia, si lo tuviera. Visa no inmigrante e intencià ³n La intencià ³n de una persona con una visa no inmigrante que ingresa a EE.UU. debe ser la de regresar a su paà ­s dentro del plazo autorizado. Es decir, no puede buscar quedarse en Estados Unidos mà ¡s allà ¡ del tiempo permitido ni cambiar su visa no inmigrante por una inmigrante. Las à ºnicas excepciones son las visas de la categorà ­a L –transfer entre empresas– y la H1-B, para profesionales y modelos. En estos dos à ºltimos casos, los titulares de las visas està ¡n autorizados a buscar activamente la obtencià ³n de la tarjeta de residencia ya que son visas de doble intencià ³n. El requisito de la intencià ³n se entiende claramente en los siguientes ejemplos: Carlos Vela es un muchacho colombiano de 17 aà ±os que tiene unos tà ­os viviendo en Miami. Aprovechado esa circunstancia, los padres de Carlos deciden enviarlo a estudiar a un high school a Estados Unidos a pesar de que Carlos solo tiene una visa de turista y no ha solicitado la de estudiante. Para respetar los tiempos de estancia permitidos con su visa, Carlos sale de EE.UU. cada seis meses y regresa al poco tiempo para continuar sus estudios. En una de sus salidas y entradas un oficial de la CBP sospecha que Carlos, un menor, està ¡ estudiando en EE.UU. sin tener la visa de estudiante correspondiente. Revocarà ¡ la visa a Carlos y tambià ©n las de sus padres, si las tuvieran. Otro ejemplo es el de Carolina Và ¡zquez, casada con un ciudadano estadounidense, que ingresa a EE.UU. como turista e inmediatamente despuà ©s pide un ajuste de estatus para obtener la tarjeta de residencia. El ajuste puede ser negado por fraude, porque Carolina ingresà ³ con una visa que no le correspondà ­a, como le puede suceder a novios de ciudadanos que ingresan a EE.UU., inmediatamente se casan y piden a continuacià ³n dicho ajuste. Por esta razà ³n de intencià ³n tambià ©n se considera una violacià ³n migratoria trabajar con una visa que no da autorizacià ³n para ello y es causa de revocacià ³n inmediata del visado. El requisito de lazos Para la sacar una visa no inmigrante, con la excepcià ³n de las L y las H1-B, uno de los requisitos es demostrar lazos familiares y/o econà ³micos en el paà ­s de residencia habitual. De hecho, la falta de los mismos es la causa principal de denegacià ³n de las visas. Renovar y Extender las visas no inmigrante Es posible solicitar la renovacià ³n y la extensià ³n de visas en EE.UU., si se cumplen los requisitos. Sin embargo, la negacià ³n de la solicitud por parte del Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS) por sus siglas en inglà ©s, es considerado ahora como una causa de prioridad para la deportacià ³n. Se puede permanecer en EE.UU. legalmente con una visa que ha expirado siempre y cuando se obtenga la renovacià ³n o extensià ³n por parte de USCIS o se està © autorizado por el documento de ingreso como D/S para visa J o F o el I-94, registro de ingreso y salida. Visa vigente y pasaporte expirado Si se tiene una visa americana vigente en un pasaporte que ha expirado se debe viajar a EE.UU. con el pasaporte nuevo y con el viejo, en el que està ¡ la visa, ya que esta sigue siendo và ¡lida. 1 persona, 1 visa Los nià ±os deben tener sus propias visas, incluidos los bebà ©s. Esto es asà ­ aà ºn en los casos en los que los menores no tienen pasaportes propios por estar incluidos en los de uno de sus padres. Consultar con el consulado en el que se aplica para verificar a partir de quà © edad el menor debe presentarse a la entrevista y cà ³mo son las reglas para la toma de los datos biomà ©tricos. Para esto à ºltimo, cada vez mà ¡s consulados tiene centros de apoyo externos, conocidos como CAS en algunos paà ­ses. Si ese es el caso, la toma de huellas digitales y fotos tiene lugar antes que la entrevista en el consulado. Por el contrario, en otros consulados o ciertos tipos de visa las fotos deben entregarse en persona o subirse digitalmente con la aplicacià ³n. En este à ºltimo caso cabe destacar que los problemas surgen por no seguir las especificaciones sobre el peso de las fotografà ­as. Visas derivadas En algunas categorà ­as de visas no inmigrantes si una persona saca la visa, su cà ³nyuge y sus hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os podrà ­an obtener una visa derivada. Por ejemplo, en las visas de inversià ³n, el inversionista sacarà ­a la E2 y su cà ³nyuge e hijos una derivada. Esto aplica a otras categorà ­as de visas como la de estudiante, trabajo, etc. Los derechos del cà ³nyuge, por ejemplo, a trabajar o no, dependen del tipo de visa. Los hijos pueden estudiar pero una vez que se casan o cumplen los 21 aà ±os ya no pueden permanecer en EE.UU. con la visa derivada. Por otro lado, las visas derivadas nunca aplican a los padres. Ademà ¡s, en el caso de las visas de turista no es posible: cada miembro de la familia debe calificar por sà ­ mismo.  ¿Cuà ¡nto cuesta el trà ¡mite de la visa no inmigrante? El costo depende del tipo de visa, por lo general la tarifa va desde $160 para la de turista a $205 para visa de inversionista, pero hay excepciones y, ademà ¡s, en algunos paà ­ses la cuota puede elevarse por aplicacià ³n del principio de reciprocidad. La tarifa por solicitar la visa no inmigrante es no reembolsable. Es decir, si la visa es negada no se recupera. La sospecha en las visas no inmigrante La sospecha de que algà ºn elemento en la aplicacià ³n de la visa no es correcto es suficiente para negar una visa no inmigrante. Tambià ©n lo es la sospecha de que no se cumplen todos los requisitos para la obtencià ³n de la misma. El oficial del consulado no està ¡ obligado a probar su sospecha, ni debe argumentarla. Cabe destacar que los oficiales consulares tienen acceso a importantes bases de datos estadounidenses pero tambià ©n a informacià ³n de los gobiernos y empresas locales. Esa sospecha es tambià ©n suficiente para que un oficial migratorio cancele la visa en un puesto de control migratorio de EE.UU.  ¿Cuà ¡ndo expiran los rà ©cords de los consulados? La respuesta es nunca. Ademà ¡s, esa informacià ³n puede ser compartida con otras agencias del gobierno estadounidense. Las leyes norteamericanas permiten solicitar la informacià ³n que pueden tener las diferentes agencias.  ¿La visa da derecho a ingresar a EE.UU.?  ¿Y a otros paà ­ses? La visa no da derecho a ingresar a Estados Unidos, ya que un oficial de la CBP puede negar el ingreso si considera que algo no es correcto. Si ese es el caso, es importante saber quà © realmente pasà ³, ya que si se produce una expulsià ³n inmediata, junto con la revocacià ³n de la visa, no se podrà ¡ regresar a EE.UU. por cinco aà ±os. Ademà ¡s, una visa emitida por un consulado de EE.UU. solo es và ¡lida para ese paà ­s y sus territorios como, por ejemplo, Puerto Rico. No es và ¡lida para ingresar a Canadà ¡. 5 consideraciones adicionales sobre las visas no inmigrante Licencia de manejar Los turistas pueden conducir con las licencias de sus paà ­ses, aunque se recomienda sacar tambià ©n la licencia internacional. Los extranjeros con otro tipo de visas podrà ­an calificar para sacar la licencia del estado en el que residen e, incluso, una que cumpla con los requisitos Real I.D. Seguro mà ©dico Los turistas no està ¡n obligados a sacar un seguro mà ©dico para viajar a EE.UU., si bien se recomienda uno que expresamente cubra ese paà ­s. Prohibido y permitido en las aduanas Todos los extranjeros, residentes y ciudadanos deben cumplir con las leyes aduaneras sobre alimentos, dinero, medicamentos, alcohol, mascotas, artà ­culos falsificados y otros. Carga pà ºblica La carga pà ºblica es una causa de negacià ³n de la visa es utilizada cada vez con mà ¡s frecuencia. Puede provocar la no aprobacià ³n de una visa, su revocacià ³n o su no renovacià ³n, como en el caso de los padres han tenido bebà ©s en EE.UU. con cargo a Medicaid. Solicitud en otros consulados En principio, en casi todos los casos es posible solicitar una visa americana fuera del lugar de residencia habitual. Sin embargo, puede ser mà ¡s difà ­cil sacarla y puede castigarse la bà ºsqueda de consulados que se considera que pueden ser mà ¡s fà ¡ciles para aprobar la visa. Test Finalmente, se aconseja tomar este test sobre la visa de turista. Despeja dudas e inquietudes importantes y brinda conocimientos relevantes para ayudar a sacar la visa y a conservarla. Visas no inmigrante La falta de lazos familiares y/o econà ³micos es la causa mà ¡s frecuente de negacià ³n de la visa.No respetar la intencià ³n de la visa que se tiene es una de las causas mà ¡s frecuentes de revocacià ³n de las visas o de expulsià ³n en la frontera.Permanecer en EE.UU. mà ¡s tiempo del permitido es otra de las causas mà ¡s comunes de cancelacià ³n de la visa. Puede llevar aparejado un castigo de tres o 10 aà ±os. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Definition of Clipper Ship

A clipper was a very fast sailing ship of the early to mid-1800s.   According to a comprehensive book published in 1911, The Clipper Ship Era by Arthur H. Clark, the term clipper was originally derived from slang in the early 19th century. To clip it or to go at a fast clip meant to travel fast. So it is reasonable to assume the word was simply attached to ships which had been built for speed, and as Clark put it,  seemed to clip over the waves rather than plough through them. Historians differ on when the first true clipper ships were built, but there is general agreement that they became well established in the 1840s. The typical clipper had three masts, was square-rigged, and had a hull designed to slice through the water. The most famous designer of clipper ships was Donald McKay, who designed the Flying Cloud, a clipper that set an astounding speed record of sailing from New York to San Francisco in less than 90 days. McKays shipyard in Boston produced notable clippers, but a number of the sleek and speedy boats were built alongside the East River, in shipyards in New York City. A New York shipbuilder, William H. Webb, was also known for producing clipper ships before they fell out of fashion. The Reign of the Clipper Ships Clipper ships became economically useful because they could deliver very valuable material faster than more ordinary packet ships. During the California Gold Rush, for instance, clippers were seen to be very useful as supplies, ranging from lumber to prospecting equipment, could be rushed to San Francisco. And, people who booked passage on clippers could expect to get to their destination faster than those who sailed on ordinary ships. During the Gold Rush, when fortune hunters wanted to race to the California gold fields, the clippers became extremely popular. Clippers became especially important for international the tea trade, as tea from China could be transported to England or America in record time. Clippers were also used to transport easterners to California during the Gold Rush, and to transport Australian wool to England. Clipper ships had some serious disadvantages. Because of their sleek designs, they could not carry as much cargo as a wider ship could. And sailing a clipper took extraordinary skill. They were the most complicated sailing ships of their time, and their captains needed to possess excellent seamanship to handle them, especially in high winds. Clipper ships were eventually made obsolete by steam ships, and also by the opening of the Suez Canal, which dramatically cut sailing time from Europe to Asia and made speedy sailing ships less necessary. Notable Clipper Ships Following are examples of illustrious clipper ships: The Flying Cloud: Designed by Donald McKay, the Flying Cloud became famous for setting a spectacular speed record, sailing from  New York City  to San Francisco in 89 days and 21 hours in the summer of 1851. To make the same run in less than 100 days was considered remarkable, and only 18 sailing ships ever accomplished that.The New York to San Francisco record was only bettered twice, once again by the Flying Cloud in 1854, and in 1860 by the clipper ship Andrew Jackson.The Great Republic: Designed and built by Donald McKay in 1853, it was intended to be the largest and fastest clipper. The launch of the ship in October 1853 was accompanied with great fanfare when the city of Boston declared a holiday and thousands watched the festivities. Two months later, on December 26, 1853, the ship was docked on the East River in lower Manhattan, being prepared for its first voyage. A fire broke out in the neighborhood and winter winds tossed burning embers in the air. The rigging of the G reat Republic caught fire and flames spread down to the ship. After being scuttled, the ship was raised and rebuilt. But some of the grandeur was lost.  Red Jacket: A  clipper built in Maine, it  set a speed record between New York City and Liverpool, England, of 13 days and one hour. The ship spent its glory years sailing between England and Australia, and eventually was used, as were many other clippers, transporting lumber from Canada.The Cutty Sark: A late era clipper, it was  built in Scotland in 1869. It is unusual as it still exists today as a museum ship, and is visited by tourists. The tea trade between England and China was very competitive, and Cutty Sark was built when clippers had been essentially perfected for speed. It served in the tea trade for about seven years, and later in the trade in wool between Australia and England. The ship was used as a training vessel well into the 20th century, and in the 1950s was placed in a dry dock to serve as a museum.